lidocaine

Trade name: xylocaine

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Nov 19, 1948

Lidocaine is a local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used to numb tissue in a specific area and for management of cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those of ventricular origins, such as occur with acute myocardial infarction. Lidocaine alters signal conduction in neurons by blocking the fast voltage-gated Na+ channels in the neuronal cell membrane responsible for signal propagation. With sufficient blockage, the membrane of the postsynaptic neuron will not depolarize and will thus fail to transmit an action potential. This creates the anesthetic effect by not merely preventing pain signals from propagating to the brain, but by stopping them before they begin. Careful titration allows for a high degree of selectivity in the blockage of sensory neurons, whereas higher concentrations also affect other modalities of neuron signaling. Lidocaine exerts an antiarrhythmic effect by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle during diastole. In usual therapeutic doses, lidocaine hydrochloride produces no change in myocardial contractility, in systemic arterial pressure, or an absolute refractory period. The efficacy profile of lidocaine as a local anesthetic is characterized by a rapid onset of action and intermediate duration of efficacy. Therefore, lidocaine is suitable for infiltration, block, and surface anesthesia. Longer-acting substances such as bupivacaine are sometimes given preference for spinal and epidural anesthesias; lidocaine, though, has the advantage of a rapid onset of action. Lidocaine is also the most important class-1b antiarrhythmic drug; it is used intravenously for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias (for acute myocardial infarction, digoxin poisoning, cardioversion, or cardiac catheterization) if amiodarone is not available or contraindicated. Lidocaine should be given for this indication after defibrillation, CPR, and vasopressors have been initiated. A routine preventative dose is no longer recommended after a myocardial infarction as the overall benefit is not convincing. Inhaled lidocaine can be used as a cough suppressor acting peripherally to reduce the cough reflex. This application can be implemented as a safety and comfort measure for patients who have to be intubated, as it reduces the incidence of coughing and any tracheal damage it might cause when emerging from anesthesia. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when lidocaine is used as a local anesthetic and is administered correctly. Most ADRs associated with lidocaine for anesthesia relate to administration technique (resulting in systemic exposure) or pharmacological effects of anesthesia, and allergic reactions only rarely occur. Systemic exposure to excessive quantities of lidocaine mainly result in a central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular effects – CNS effects usually occur at lower blood plasma concentrations and additional cardiovascular effects present at higher concentrations, though cardiovascular collapse may also occur with low concentrations. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

1,854 trials · 935 clinical orgs · 104 marketing orgs

Phase 1

170

Phase 2

412

Phase 3

263

Phase 4

499

Earliest trial started Jan 1, 1996 (NCT00152724)

Timeline

1940s

Nov 19, 1948
Earliest FDA Approval
Nov 19, 1948
Dentsply International — NDA Secondary Org
Nov 19, 1948
Fresenius — NDA Secondary Org

1950s

May 17, 1951
AstraZeneca — NDA Secondary Org
Mar 12, 1953
Akorn, Inc. — Marketing Organization

1960s

Jul 11, 1962
Merck — Marketing Organization
Jul 11, 1962
Merck — NDA Secondary Org
Sep 15, 1964
Pfizer — Marketing Organization

1970s

Jun 30, 1971
Belmora — Marketing Organization
Dec 29, 1971
Fresenius — Marketing Organization
Feb 14, 1972
West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization
Feb 15, 1972
Abraxis — NDA Secondary Org
Feb 15, 1972
Abraxis — Marketing Organization
Apr 6, 1972
Hospira — NDA Secondary Org
Apr 6, 1972
Hospira — Marketing Organization
Jun 23, 1972
Lutipold — Marketing Organization
Jun 23, 1972
Sankyo — Marketing Organization
Dec 20, 1972
Abbott — NDA Secondary Org
Dec 20, 1972
Abbott — Marketing Organization
Dec 3, 1973
Belmar Pharmacy — Marketing Organization
Feb 20, 1974
Watson Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Apr 11, 1974
Bluepharma — Marketing Organization
Apr 11, 1974
Bionpharma Inc — Marketing Organization
Mar 18, 1975
Del Laboratories — Marketing Organization
Mar 28, 1975
Meridien Medical Technologies, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org
Apr 30, 1975
Elkins Sinn — Marketing Organization
Aug 29, 1975
American Home Products — Marketing Organization
Sep 17, 1975
International Medication — NDA Secondary Org
Sep 17, 1975
International Medication — Marketing Organization
Jul 29, 1976
Akorn, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org
Jan 18, 1977
Carlisle — Marketing Organization
Mar 14, 1977
Lyphomed, Inc. — Marketing Organization

1980s

Apr 22, 1981
Baxalta — NDA Secondary Org
Apr 22, 1981
Baxter — NDA Secondary Org
Aug 17, 1981
Taro Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Aug 9, 1982
G D Searle — Marketing Organization
Nov 18, 1982
Wockhardt — Marketing Organization
Jun 10, 1983
Kendall McGaw Laboratories — Marketing Organization
Aug 17, 1983
Pharmaton — Marketing Organization
Mar 30, 1984
B. Braun — NDA Secondary Org
Dec 21, 1984
Roche — Marketing Organization
Dec 21, 1984
Roche — NDA Secondary Org
Jan 22, 1985
Deproco — Marketing Organization
Apr 3, 1985
Hikma — Marketing Organization
Jun 30, 1989
Paco — Marketing Organization
Jun 30, 1989
R.P. Scherer — Marketing Organization

1990s

Dec 30, 1992
Actavis — Marketing Organization
Dec 30, 1992
Teva — NDA Secondary Org
Feb 26, 1993
Kodak — Marketing Organization
Apr 29, 1993
Cosette — Marketing Organization
Dec 21, 1995
iOMEDICO AG — Marketing Organization
Dec 21, 1995
iOMEDICO AG — NDA Secondary Org
May 21, 1996
Noven Therapeutics — NDA Secondary Org
Mar 19, 1999
Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org

2000s

Jan 1, 2002
Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)
Jan 1, 2002
Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)
Feb 12, 2003
SENTISS — Marketing Organization
May 23, 2003
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
May 23, 2003
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org
Aug 18, 2003
Fougera — Marketing Organization
Aug 27, 2003
Tolmar Inc. — Marketing Organization
Aug 27, 2003
Encube Ethicals Pvt. Ltd. — Marketing Organization
Sep 25, 2003
Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Dec 19, 2003
Dentsply International — Marketing Organization
Jan 1, 2004
Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)
May 6, 2004
Vyteris — Marketing Organization
May 6, 2004
Vyteris — NDA Secondary Org
Oct 26, 2004
Empi — Marketing Organization
Oct 26, 2004
Empi — NDA Secondary Org
Jun 23, 2005
Galen — Marketing Organization
Jun 23, 2005
Warner Chilcott — NDA Secondary Org
Jun 29, 2006
Taro Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org
Feb 27, 2007
Lannett Company, Inc. — Marketing Organization
Feb 27, 2007
Chartwell Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Aug 16, 2007
Powder Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org
Oct 7, 2008
Thea Pharma — Marketing Organization
Oct 7, 2008
Thea Pharma — NDA Secondary Org

2010s

May 23, 2011
Septodont — Marketing Organization
Mar 14, 2013
Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization
Mar 14, 2013
Eugia Pharma — Marketing Organization
Mar 12, 2014
Pharmaceutical Associates — Marketing Organization
Apr 28, 2014
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization
Aug 7, 2015
Amneal Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Aug 7, 2015
Mylan — Marketing Organization
Aug 14, 2015
Daiichi Sankyo — Marketing Organization
Feb 1, 2016
Teligent Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Sep 9, 2016
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Mar 10, 2017
Alkem Labs Ltd — Marketing Organization
Sep 20, 2017
Novast Labs — Marketing Organization
Sep 20, 2017
Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Sep 20, 2017
RiconPharma — Marketing Organization
Sep 25, 2017
Vitruvias Therapeutics — Marketing Organization
Jan 16, 2018
Teva — Marketing Organization
Feb 28, 2018
Scilex Pharms Inc — NDA Secondary Org
Feb 28, 2018
Scilex Pharms Inc — Marketing Organization
Feb 28, 2018
Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org
Apr 18, 2018
Spectra Medical Devices — Marketing Organization
Aug 3, 2018
B. Braun — Marketing Organization
Nov 23, 2018
Alembic — Marketing Organization
Dec 11, 2018
Strides Pharma Science — Marketing Organization
Dec 12, 2018
ACP Nimble — Marketing Organization
Dec 12, 2018
G & W Laboratories Inc. — Marketing Organization
Oct 17, 2019
Praxgen Pharma — Marketing Organization
Oct 17, 2019
Geneyork Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

2020s

Mar 16, 2020
Macleods Pharmaceuticals, Ltd — Marketing Organization
Mar 16, 2020
Neogen — Marketing Organization
Apr 30, 2020
Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, L.P. — Marketing Organization
Apr 30, 2020
IBSA Institut Biochimique SA — Marketing Organization
May 7, 2020
Huons Co.,Ltd. — Marketing Organization
Dec 1, 2020
Noven Therapeutics — Marketing Organization
Dec 1, 2020
Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc. — Marketing Organization
Jan 5, 2021
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Marketing Organization
Apr 20, 2021
Quagen Pharma — Marketing Organization
Apr 29, 2021
NAL Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Jul 27, 2021
Acrux Ltd — Marketing Organization
Jul 27, 2021
Padagis Us — Marketing Organization
Nov 8, 2021
Aspiro — Marketing Organization
Mar 23, 2022
Novitium Pharma — Marketing Organization
Mar 23, 2022
Ani Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
May 5, 2022
Sintetica SA — Marketing Organization
Jun 9, 2022
AFAXYS — Marketing Organization
Mar 28, 2023
Rubicon Research — Marketing Organization
Jun 16, 2023
Mankind Pharma — Marketing Organization

Indications

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Combination products

decadron w/ xylocaine
with dexamethasone
duocaine
with levobupivacaine
embolex
with heparin, dihydroergotamine
emla
with prilocaine
Also known as anesthetic neo, emla 1 hour, oraqix
lanabiotic
with bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin b sulfate
rocephin
with ceftriaxone
synera
with tetracaine
Also known as pliaglis
terramycin
with oxytetracycline
xylocaine dental with epinephrine
with epinephrine
Also known as alphacaine hydrochloride w/ epinephrine, iontocaine, lidocaton, lidosite topical system, lignospan forte, lignospan standar, octocaine, xylocaine w/ epinephrine

Approval history

approvedNov 19, 1948

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

CCN(CC)CC(=O)Nc1c(C)cccc1C

Mol. weight: 234.34 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5: Pass
Rule of 3: No
Chirality: Achiral Molecule
Inorganic: No
Polymer: No
Delivery: Oral, Parenteral, Topical
Availability: Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

Yes

Topical

Yes

Black box warning

Sources

Also known as

2-(diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide
2-(diethylamino)-2',6'-acetoxylidide
2-(diethylamino)-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
2-(diethylamino)-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide
2-(propylamino)-o-propionotoluidide
2-(propylamino)-o-propionotoluidide
akten
akten
alphacaine
alphacaine
alphacaine hcl
alphacaine hcl
alpha-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide
alpha-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide
alpha-n-propylamino-2-methylpropionanilide
alpha-n-propylamino-2-methylpropionanilide
anestacon
anestacon
anodesyn
benzoylmethylecgonine
benzoylmethylecgonine
benzoylmethylecgonine
beta-cocain
beta-cocain
bismodyne
bisoxatin acetate
bisoxatin acetate
bisoxatin acetate
bisoxatin acetate
bisoxatin acetate
bisoxatin acetate
bradosol plus
bupivacaine / lidocaine
calgel
chlorhexidine gluconate - lidocaine
chlorhexidine gluconate, lidocaine drug combination
chlorhexidine gluconate-lidocaine hydrochloride
co-phenylcaine fte
dalcaine
denela
dentipatch
dentipatch
dequaspray
d-gluconic acid, compd. with n,n''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1), mixt. with 2-(diethylamino)-n-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide monohydrochloride
dihydroergotamine-heparin
duncaine
embolex
embolex
embolex
emla
emla
emla
emla
esracaine
eutectic lidocaine-prilocaine
eutectic mixture of local anesthetics
exodol
germoloids
germoloids complete
hemocane
hemocane
heparin-dhe
heparin-dihydergot
heparin-dihydergot 2500
heparin-dihydroergotamine
iglu
instillagel
instillagel
instillagel
iontocaine
iontocaine
laryngojet
laryng-o-jet kit
laryng-o-jet kit
laryngotracheal anesthesia kit
laryngotracheal anesthesia kit
lasotin
laxonalin
licocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine
lidocaine and tetracaine
lidocaine hcl
lidocaine hcl
lidocaine hcl
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride
lidocaine hydrochloride anhydrous
lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate
lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate
lidocaine hydrochloride hydrate
lidocaine hydrochloride viscous
lidocaine hydrochloride viscous
lidocaine / prilocaine
lidocaine / prilocaine
lidocaine-prilocaine cream
lidocaine viscous
lidocaine viscous
lidocaton
lidocaton
lidoderm
lidoderm
lidoderm
lido hcl
lidopen
lidopen
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine
lignocaine hcl
lignocaine hcl
lignokent
lignospan special
lignostab
lignostab-a
lignostab a 100
lignostab n
liposomal lidocaine
lmx 4
lta ii kit
lta ii kit
medijel
mono-embolex nm
nanocap
octocaine
octocaine
oragard
oraqix
oraqix
oraqix
pediatric lta kit
pediatric lta kit
preparation h
preparation-h
psd502
psd502
psd502
psd 502
psd-502
rmn3001
solarcaine
t2380
tempe
vagisil
vagisil
versatis
versatis
xylocain
xylocaine
xylocaine
xylocaine
xylocaine
xylocaine dental
xylocaine viscous
xylocaine viscous
xylodase
xylotox
xylotox
xylotox e80
zingo
zingo
α-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide
α-diethylamino-2,6-dimethylacetanilide

Clinical trials

NCT ID	Phase	Start date	Sponsor(s)
NCT07273006	Phase 4	Sep 1, 2026	Jagiellonian University, Medical University of Warsaw, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
NCT07224711	Phase 4	Jun 1, 2026	Vanderbilt University
NCT07273916	Phase 2	Mar 31, 2026	Hexsel Dermatology Clinic
NCT07267897	N/A	Mar 15, 2026	Sakarya University
NCT07274254	Phase 3	Mar 1, 2026	University of Nantes
NCT07268118	Phase 2	Jan 31, 2026	Harvard University
NCT07250867	Phase 2	Jan 31, 2026	Assiut University
NCT07268924	Phase 4	Jan 31, 2026	Assiut University
NCT07278323	Phase 4	Jan 1, 2026	University of California, San Francisco
NCT07283874	Phase 4	Dec 31, 2025	Assiut University
NCT07298746	N/A	Dec 31, 2025	Sohag University
NCT07294118	Phase 2	Dec 31, 2025	University of Texas, Galveston
NCT07248202	N/A	Dec 31, 2025	Cairo University
NCT07262242	N/A	Dec 31, 2025	Cairo University
NCT07231614	Phase 4	Dec 20, 2025	Universidad Austral de Chile
NCT07299630	Phase 3	Dec 20, 2025	Ain Shams University
NCT07304206	N/A	Dec 8, 2025	Inonu University
NCT07203274	N/A	Dec 1, 2025	Aalborg University
NCT07296653	Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)	Dec 1, 2025	University of Athens
NCT07245121	N/A	Nov 30, 2025	University of Athens

Showing 20 of 1,854 trials

Page 1 / 93

Organizations

Research & Development (935)

Organization	Org type	Trials	As lead sponsor	Phases	Earliest year
Cairo University	Academic/Hospital	52	50	5	2014
Assiut University	Academic/Hospital	50	50	5	2013
Ain Shams University	Academic/Hospital	36	36	5	2011
University of Copenhagen	Academic/Hospital	24	21	5	2001
Allina Health	Academic/Hospital	23	1	2	2013
Mayo Clinic	Academic/Hospital	21	17	5	2004
Northwestern University	Academic/Hospital	21	18	4	2004
Duke University	Academic/Hospital	19	16	4	2007
University of Sao Paulo	Academic/Hospital	19	19	4	2004
Harvard University	Academic/Hospital	18	15	5	2003
Stanford University	Academic/Hospital	17	15	5	2005
University of Toronto	Academic/Hospital	17	16	4	2006
Zars Pharma Inc.	For profit	17	16	4	2005
Endo Pharmaceuticals	For profit	16	11	4	2002
University of Texas at Houston	Academic/Hospital	16	13	5	2006
University of California, San Francisco	Academic/Hospital	15	11	5	2003
Oregon Health and Science University	Academic/Hospital	14	10	4	2005
Tanta University	Academic/Hospital	14	14	2	2016
United States Army	Government	14	9	5	2002
Yonsei University	Academic/Hospital	14	14	1	2010

935 organizations

Page 1 / 47

Marketing (137)

Organization	Org type	Relationship	Date
ACP Nimble	For profit	MKTG	Dec 12, 2018
AFAXYS	For profit	MKTG	Jun 9, 2022
Abbott	For profit	NDA2	Dec 20, 1972
Abbott	For profit	MKTG	Dec 20, 1972
Abraxis	For profit	NDA2	Feb 15, 1972
Abraxis	For profit	MKTG	Feb 15, 1972
Acrux Ltd	For profit	MKTG	Jul 27, 2021
Actavis	For profit	MKTG	Dec 30, 1992
Actavis	For profit	SYN	May 9, 1980
Akorn, Inc.	For profit	NDA2	Jul 29, 1976
Akorn, Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Mar 12, 1953
Alembic	For profit	MKTG	Nov 23, 2018
Alembic	For profit	SYN	Nov 23, 2018
Alkem Labs Ltd	For profit	MKTG	Mar 10, 2017
American Home Products	For profit	MKTG	Aug 29, 1975
Amneal Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Aug 7, 2015
Amneal Pharmaceuticals	For profit	SYN	Aug 24, 2020
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	May 23, 2003
Amphastar Pharmaceuticals	For profit	NDA2	May 23, 2003
Ani Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Mar 23, 2022
Aspiro	For profit	MKTG	Nov 8, 2021
Astra	For profit	NDA	—
AstraZeneca	For profit	NDA2	May 17, 1951
Aurobindo Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Mar 14, 2013
B. Braun	For profit	NDA2	Mar 30, 1984
B. Braun	For profit	MKTG	Aug 3, 2018
Baxalta	For profit	NDA2	Apr 22, 1981
Baxter	For profit	NDA2	Apr 22, 1981
Belmar Pharmacy	For profit	MKTG	Dec 3, 1973
Belmora	Academic/Hospital	MKTG	Jun 30, 1971
Bionpharma Inc	For profit	MKTG	Apr 11, 1974
Bionpharma Inc	For profit	SYN	Apr 11, 1974
Bluepharma	For profit	MKTG	Apr 11, 1974
Bristol-Myers Squibb	For profit	MKTG	—
Carlisle	For profit	MKTG	Jan 18, 1977
Chartwell Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Feb 27, 2007
Cosette	For profit	MKTG	Apr 29, 1993
Daiichi Sankyo	For profit	MKTG	Aug 14, 2015
Del Laboratories	For profit	MKTG	Mar 18, 1975
Dentsply International	For profit	NDA2	Nov 19, 1948
Dentsply International	For profit	MKTG	Dec 19, 2003
Deproco	For profit	MKTG	Jan 22, 1985
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories	For profit	MKTG	Jan 5, 2021
Elkins Sinn	For profit	MKTG	Apr 30, 1975
Empi	For profit	MKTG	Oct 26, 2004
Empi	For profit	NDA2	Oct 26, 2004
Encube Ethicals Pvt. Ltd.	For profit	MKTG	Aug 27, 2003
Eugia Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Mar 14, 2013
Fougera	For profit	MKTG	Aug 18, 2003
Fougera	For profit	SYN	Jun 30, 1972
Fresenius	For profit	NDA2	Nov 19, 1948
Fresenius	For profit	MKTG	Dec 29, 1971
G & W Laboratories Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Dec 12, 2018
G D Searle	For profit	MKTG	Aug 9, 1982
Galen	For profit	MKTG	Jun 23, 2005
Geneyork Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Oct 17, 2019
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Sep 9, 2016
Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Sep 25, 2003
Hikma	For profit	MKTG	Apr 3, 1985
Hikma	For profit	MKTG	Apr 3, 1985
Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Dec 1, 2020
Hospira	For profit	NDA2	Apr 6, 1972
Hospira	For profit	MKTG	Apr 6, 1972
Huons Co.,Ltd.	For profit	MKTG	May 7, 2020
IBSA Institut Biochimique SA	For profit	MKTG	Apr 30, 2020
International Medication	For profit	NDA2	Sep 17, 1975
International Medication	For profit	MKTG	Sep 17, 1975
Kendall McGaw Laboratories	For profit	MKTG	Jun 10, 1983
Kodak	For profit	MKTG	Feb 26, 1993
Lannett Company, Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Feb 27, 2007
Lutipold	For profit	MKTG	Jun 23, 1972
Lyphomed, Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Mar 14, 1977
Macleods Pharmaceuticals, Ltd	For profit	MKTG	Mar 16, 2020
Mankind Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Jun 16, 2023
Merck	For profit	MKTG	Jul 11, 1962
Merck	For profit	NDA2	Jul 11, 1962
Meridien Medical Technologies, Inc.	For profit	NDA2	Mar 28, 1975
Miles	For profit	MKTG	—
Mylan	For profit	MKTG	Aug 7, 2015
Mylan	For profit	SYN	Sep 27, 2010
NAL Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Apr 29, 2021
Neogen	For profit	MKTG	Mar 16, 2020
Novartis	For profit	NDA2	—
Novast Labs	For profit	MKTG	Sep 20, 2017
Noven Therapeutics	For profit	MKTG	Dec 1, 2020
Noven Therapeutics	For profit	NDA2	May 21, 1996
Novitium Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Mar 23, 2022
Paco	For profit	MKTG	Jun 30, 1989
Padagis Us	For profit	MKTG	Jul 27, 2021
Pfizer	For profit	MKTG	Sep 15, 1964
Pharmaceutical Associates	For profit	MKTG	Mar 12, 2014
Pharmaton	For profit	MKTG	Aug 17, 1983
Powder Pharmaceuticals	For profit	NDA2	Aug 16, 2007
Praxgen Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Oct 17, 2019
Quagen Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Apr 20, 2021
R.P. Scherer	For profit	MKTG	Jun 30, 1989
Rhodes Pharmaceuticals, L.P.	For profit	MKTG	Apr 30, 2020
RiconPharma	For profit	MKTG	Sep 20, 2017
Rising Pharmaceuticals	For profit	SYN	Apr 11, 2014
Rising Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Sep 20, 2017
Roche	For profit	MKTG	Dec 21, 1984
Roche	For profit	NDA2	Dec 21, 1984
Rubicon Research	For profit	MKTG	Mar 28, 2023
SENTISS	For profit	MKTG	Feb 12, 2003
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	For profit	SYN	Apr 28, 2014
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Apr 28, 2014
Sankyo	For profit	MKTG	Jun 23, 1972
Scilex Pharms Inc	For profit	NDA2	Feb 28, 2018
Scilex Pharms Inc	For profit	MKTG	Feb 28, 2018
Septodont	For profit	SYN	Sep 9, 1980
Septodont	For profit	MKTG	May 23, 2011
Sintetica SA	For profit	MKTG	May 5, 2022
Sorrento Therapeutics, Inc.	For profit	NDA2	Feb 28, 2018
Spectra Medical Devices	For profit	MKTG	Apr 18, 2018
Strides Pharma Science	For profit	MKTG	Dec 11, 2018
Taro Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Aug 17, 1981
Taro Pharmaceuticals	For profit	SYN	Jun 29, 2006
Taro Pharmaceuticals	For profit	NDA2	Jun 29, 2006
Teikoku Pharma USA, Inc.	For profit	NDA2	Mar 19, 1999
Teligent Pharmaceuticals	For profit	SYN	Mar 12, 2014
Teligent Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Feb 1, 2016
Teva	For profit	MKTG	Jan 16, 2018
Teva	For profit	SYN	Dec 30, 1992
Teva	For profit	NDA2	Dec 30, 1992
Thea Pharma	For profit	MKTG	Oct 7, 2008
Thea Pharma	For profit	NDA2	Oct 7, 2008
Tolmar Inc.	For profit	MKTG	Aug 27, 2003
Vitruvias Therapeutics	For profit	MKTG	Sep 25, 2017
Vyteris	For profit	MKTG	May 6, 2004
Vyteris	For profit	NDA2	May 6, 2004
Warner Chilcott	For profit	NDA2	Jun 23, 2005
Watson Pharmaceuticals	For profit	MKTG	Feb 20, 1974
Watson Pharmaceuticals	For profit	SYN	Mar 23, 2011
West-Ward Pharmaceutical	For profit	MKTG	Feb 14, 1972
Wockhardt	For profit	MKTG	Nov 18, 1982
iOMEDICO AG	For profit	MKTG	Dec 21, 1995
iOMEDICO AG	For profit	NDA2	Dec 21, 1995