epoetin
Trade name: Epogen
Approved
Jun 1, 1989
Erythropoietin, also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow. Low levels of EPO are constantly secreted in sufficient quantities to compensate for normal red blood cell turnover. Common causes of cellular hypoxia resulting in elevated levels of EPO include any anemia, and hypoxemia due to chronic lung disease. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
483 trials · 386 clinical orgs · 3 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Jul 1, 1988 (NCT00270283)
Timeline
1980s
1990s
- Jan 1, 1999
Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)
Indications
Studied for
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome · Phase 2
- Acute Febrile Encephalopathy · Phase 3
- Acute Kidney Injury · Phase 2
- Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure · Phase 3
- Aged · Phase 2
- Aging · Phase 2
- Allografts · Phase 3
- Altitude Sickness · Phase 4
- Alveolar Bone Loss · Phase 4
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis · Phase 2
- Anemia · Phase 4
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency · Phase 4
- Anemia, Neonatal · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Anemia, Sickle Cell · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Angiogenesis Modulating Agents · Phase 2
- Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary · Phase 3
- Aorta · Phase 4
- Aortic Diseases · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Aortic Valve Stenosis · Phase 3
- Arteries · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid · Phase 2
- Arthropathy, Neurogenic · Phase 2
- Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary · Phase 3
- Asphyxia · Phase 3
- Atherosclerosis · Phase 4
- Autoimmune Diseases · Phase 4
- beta-Thalassemia · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Bipolar Disorder · Phase 2
- Blood Transfusion · Phase 3
- Blood Transfusion, Autologous · Phase 3
- Brain Diseases · Phase 3
- Brain Injuries · Phase 2
- Brain Injuries, Traumatic · Phase 3
- Breast Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Carcinoma · Phase 3
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung · Phase 3
- Cardiovascular Diseases · Phase 4
- Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Cerebral Intraventricular Hemorrhage · Phase 2
- Cerebral Palsy · Phase 3
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant · Phase 3
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder · Phase 4
- Cognitive Dysfunction · Phase 2
- Conjunctivitis · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Coronary Artery Bypass · Phase 2
- Coronary Artery Disease · Phase 2
- Coronary Disease · Phase 2
- Coronary Occlusion · Phase 2
- Coronary Stenosis · Phase 2
- Critical Care · Phase 3
- Critical Illness · Phase 2
- Cyanosis · Phase 2
- Delayed Graft Function · Phase 4
- Depressive Disorder · Phase 2
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Diabetic Foot · Phase 2
- Diabetic Nephropathies · Phase 4
- Dialysis · Phase 4
- Drug Evaluation · Phase 3
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions · Phase 4
- Drug Resistance · Phase 3
- Drug Therapy · Phase 4
- Electroconvulsive Therapy · Phase 2
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Epoetin Alfa · Phase 2
- Erectile Dysfunction · Phase 2
- Erythrocyte Transfusion · Phase 4
- Erythropoietin · Phase 3
- Esophageal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Exercise · Phase 4
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Fatigue · Phase 4
- Feeding and Eating Disorders · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Fetal Blood · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Friedreich Ataxia · Phase 2
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- General Surgery · Phase 2
- Genetic Diseases, Inborn · Phase 2
- Genital Neoplasms, Female · Phase 2
- Growth and Development · Phase 2
- Hamartoma · Phase 4
- Head and Neck Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 3
- Heart Arrest · Phase 3
- Heart Defects, Congenital · Phase 2
- Heart Diseases · Phase 3
- Heart Failure · Phase 4
- Heart Valve Diseases · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation · Phase 4
- Hemodialysis, Home · Phase 3
- Hemoglobins · Phase 3
- Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome · Phase 4
- Hemorrhage · Phase 2
- Hemorrhagic Stroke · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Hemostasis, Surgical · Phase 4
- Hepacivirus · Phase 4
- Hepatitis, Autoimmune · Early Phase 1
- Hepatitis C · Phase 3
- Hepatitis C, Chronic · Phase 3
- Hip Fractures · Phase 3
- HIV · Phase 2
- HIV Infections · Phase 4
- Hodgkin Disease · Phase 3
- Hypertension · Phase 4
- Hypertension, Pulmonary · Phase 1
- Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular · Phase 3
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Hypoxia · Phase 4
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain · Phase 3
- Infant, Low Birth Weight · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Infant, Newborn · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Infant, Premature · Phase 3
- Infant, Premature, Diseases · Phase 3
- Infant, Small for Gestational Age · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Inflammation · Phase 2
- Intestinal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Intracranial Hemorrhages · Phase 3
- Iron Deficiencies · Phase 4
- Ischemic Attack, Transient · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Ischemic Stroke · Phase 2
- Kidney Diseases · Phase 4
- Kidney Failure, Chronic · Phase 4
- Kidney Transplantation · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Leukemia · Phase 3
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell · Phase 2
- Leukemia, Lymphoid · Phase 2
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute · Phase 3
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic · Phase 3
- Leukomalacia, Periventricular · Phase 3
- Lichen Planus, Oral · Phase 3
- Live Birth · Phase 3
- Liver Failure · Phase 3
- Liver Transplantation · Phase 4
- Lung Diseases · Phase 3
- Lung Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Lymphoid Tissue · Phase 4
- Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin · Phase 3
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders · Phase 3
- Macular Edema · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Malaria, Cerebral · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Malnutrition · Phase 4
- Mammaplasty · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Methylprednisolone · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Mood Disorders · Phase 2
- Moyamoya Disease · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Multiple Myeloma · Phase 3
- Multiple Sclerosis · Phase 2
- Multiple Trauma · Phase 3
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes · Phase 4
- Myeloproliferative Disorders · Phase 3
- Myocardial Infarction · Phase 4
- Neoplasm Metastasis · Phase 3
- Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Nephrology · Phase 3
- Nerve Compression Syndromes · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neurosurgeons · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Neutropenia · Phase 4
- Optic Nerve Diseases · Phase 3
- Optic Nerve Injuries · Phase 3
- Optic Neuritis · Phase 3
- Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic · Phase 2
- Orthopedic Procedures · Phase 3
- Osteoarthritis · Phase 4
- Ovarian Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Pancreatic Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Parkinson Disease · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Peripheral Nerve Injuries · Phase 2
- Peritoneal Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Physical Functional Performance · Phase 4
- Platinum Compounds · Phase 3
- Postoperative Complications · Phase 4
- Precancerous Conditions · Phase 3
- Premature Birth · Phase 4
- Prostate · Phase 3
- Prostatic Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Psychomotor Disorders · Phase 2
- Quality of Life · Phase 3
- Rectal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Renal Dialysis · Phase 4
- Renal Insufficiency · Phase 3
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic · Phase 4
- Reperfusion Injury · Phase 2
- Resuscitation · Phase 3
- Retinopathy of Prematurity · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Safety · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Sarcopenia · Phase 4
- Sepsis · Phase 4
- Shock, Septic · Phase 4
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma · Phase 3
- Spinal Cord Injuries · Phase 3
- Stomach Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Stomatitis, Aphthous · Phase 4
- Stroke · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage · Phase 4
- Substance Abuse, Oral · Phase 1
- Therapeutics · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Thoracic Surgery · Phase 2
- Thrombosis · Phase 4
- Toxicity Tests · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Toxic Optic Neuropathy · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Traumatology · Phase 3
- Treatment Outcome · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Urological Manifestations · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Venous Thrombosis · Phase 3
- Wounds and Injuries · Phase 3
- Wounds, Nonpenetrating · Phase 3
- Wounds, Penetrating · Phase 3
Mechanism of action
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1A agonist
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2 agonist
Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-1B agonist
- Activin receptor type-1AGONIST
Activin receptor type-1 agonist
- ErythropoietinSupplementation
EPO supplementation
- Hepatitis A virusImmunity, active
Hepatitis A virus immunity, active
- Erythropoietin receptorAGONIST
EPOR agonist
Approval history
- approvedJun 1, 1989
Chemistry & pharmacology
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Parenteral
- Availability
- Prescription Only
- Multi-specific
- No
Oral
No
Parenteral
Yes
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaErythropoietin ↗
- NCATS64FS3BFH5W ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2109092 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2108594 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL4594471 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2108290 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL1201565 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2108593 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2109093 ↗
Also known as
- aphoelinebrake
- binocrit
- dynepo
- dynepo (pending)
- epiao
- epo
- epo
- epo
- e.p.o.
- epo90
- epoetin
- epoetin
- epoetina dseta
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa
- epoetin alfa-epbx
- epoetin alfa (genetical recombination)
- epoetin alfa rdna
- epoetin alfa, recombinant
- epoetin alpha
- epoetin delta
- epoetin delta
- epoetin delta
- epoetin epsilon
- epoétine zêta
- epoetin gamma
- epoetin gamma rdna
- epoetin kappa
- epoetin omega
- epoetin theta
- epoetin theta
- epoetin theta
- epoetin theta
- epoetinum zeta
- epoetin zeta
- epoetin zeta
- epoetin zeta
- epoetin zeta
- epoetin zeta
- epogen
- epogen
- epogen
- epogen
- epoietin
- epoietin alpha
- epoietin zeta
- eporatio
- eporatio
- eprex
- eprex
- eprex
- eptotermin alfa
- eptotermin alfa
- eptotermin alfa
- eptotermin alfa
- erythopoietin
- erythropoetin
- erythropoiesis stimulating factor
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin
- erythropoietin alfa
- erythropoietin (human, recombinant)
- erythropoietin (recombinant human)
- erythropoietin zeta
- esf
- esf
- ga-epo
- gc1113
- gx-e2
- hmr-4396
- human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7
- osigraft
- pegylated rhepo
- procrit
- procrit
- procrit
- recombinant erythropoietin alpha
- recombinant erythropoietin stimulating protein
- retacrit
- rhbmp-7
- rhepo
- rhepo
- sh-polypeptide-72
- silapo
- silapo
- silapo
- ub-851
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07296146 | Phase 3 | Dec 15, 2025 | Badr University |
| NCT07178678 | Phase 2 | Nov 30, 2025 | Centro Inmunologia Molecular (CIM), University of Saskatchewan |
| NCT07162090 | Phase 4 | Sep 10, 2025 | Tianjin Medical University |
| NCT06352138 | Phase 3 | Jul 31, 2025 | Megalabs |
| NCT06919861 | Phase 1 | Jun 30, 2025 | Epoch Biosciences |
| NCT06832189 | Phase 1 | Jun 1, 2025 | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), University of California, San Francisco |
| NCT07150858 | N/A | May 25, 2025 | Alexandria University |
| NCT06968936 | N/A | May 15, 2025 | Chongqing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang University |
| NCT07025681 | Phase 3 | Apr 24, 2025 | Incepta Vaccine Limited, Institute for Developing Science and Health Initiatives, Bangladesh |
| NCT06854276 | Phase 2 | Mar 1, 2025 | Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. |
| NCT06670963 | Phase 4 | Nov 30, 2024 | Silesian University of Medicine |
| NCT06665451 | N/A | Nov 30, 2024 | Al Azhar University |
| NCT06590155 | Early Phase 1 (Phase 1) | Nov 24, 2024 | Assiut University |
| NCT06601400 | N/A | Sep 14, 2024 | Cairo University |
| NCT06490939 | Phase 1 | Aug 1, 2024 | Genexine, Inc. |
| NCT06923605 | Phase 4 | Jul 1, 2024 | Future University in Egypt |
| NCT06542393 | Phase 2 | Jun 1, 2024 | Federal University of Sao Paulo, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo |
| NCT06466785 | Phase 3 | Jan 25, 2024 | Genexine, Inc. |
| NCT06513039 | Phase 4 | Jan 1, 2024 | Ain Shams University |
| NCT06135259 | Phase 3 | Dec 20, 2023 | Ain Shams University |
Organizations
Research & Development (386)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Johnson and Johnson | For profit | 72 | 70 | 5 | 1988 |
| Ortho Biotech, Inc. | For profit | 56 | 12 | 5 | 1988 |
| National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Government | 19 | 3 | 5 | 1997 |
| Roche | For profit | 17 | 14 | 3 | 2003 |
| Amgen | For profit | 14 | 14 | 5 | 1999 |
| Janssen Pharmaceutica NV | For profit | 9 | 0 | 3 | 1996 |
| University of Copenhagen | Academic/Hospital | 9 | 9 | 3 | 2008 |
| FibroGen | For profit | 8 | 6 | 2 | 2010 |
| Zhejiang University | Academic/Hospital | 8 | 4 | 3 | 2011 |
| GlaxoSmithKline | For profit | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2012 |
| Ortho Pharmaceuticals | For profit | 7 | 6 | 2 | 1999 |
| Sandoz | For profit | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2004 |
| Seoul National University | Academic/Hospital | 7 | 4 | 3 | 2008 |
| Azidus | For profit | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2012 |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | Government | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2001 |
| Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences | Academic/Hospital | 6 | 4 | 4 | 2008 |
| Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd. | For profit | 6 | 6 | 4 | 2014 |
| Ain Shams University | Academic/Hospital | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2010 |
| Cha Medical University | Academic/Hospital | 5 | 4 | 3 | 2010 |
| Genexine, Inc. | For profit | 5 | 5 | 3 | 2014 |