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vitamin a

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Jul 28, 1947

Retonol, also known as Vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency. It is also used to prevent further issues in those who have measles. Retinol is used as a metabolic precursor of retinoic acid to treat skin-related conditions, such as cellulite, skin aging, photodamage. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

154 trials · 191 clinical orgs · 26 marketing orgs

Phase 1
20
Phase 2
42
Phase 3
25
Phase 4
26

Earliest trial started May 1, 1984 (NCT00000114)

Timeline

1940s

  1. Jul 28, 1947

    Roche — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Jul 28, 1947

    Roche — Marketing Organization

  3. Jul 28, 1947

    Roche — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Jul 28, 1947

    Roche — NDA Organization

  5. May 18, 1949

    Casper Pharma LLC — NDA Secondary Org

1950s

  1. Feb 20, 1953

    Hospira — Marketing Organization

  2. Feb 20, 1953

    Hospira — NDA Secondary Org

1970s

  1. Nov 17, 1972

    Sterling-Winthrop — Marketing Organization

  2. Dec 19, 1972

    Teva — Marketing Organization

  3. Mar 14, 1973

    Bayer — Marketing Organization

  4. May 2, 1973

    MK Labs — Marketing Organization

  5. May 4, 1973

    West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

  6. Jul 13, 1973

    Impax Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  7. Jul 18, 1973

    Eli Lilly — Marketing Organization

  8. Nov 13, 1973

    University of Pennsylvania — Marketing Organization

  9. Mar 6, 1974

    Belmar Pharmacy — Marketing Organization

  10. Jun 10, 1974

    Banner Pharmacaps — Marketing Organization

1980s

  1. Nov 6, 1981

    Abraxis — Marketing Organization

  2. Nov 6, 1981

    Abraxis — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Jul 13, 1982

    Watson Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  4. Jul 13, 1982

    Watson Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Jan 1, 1984

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

1990s

  1. Jan 1, 1996

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 1997

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

2000s

  1. May 18, 2000

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

  2. May 18, 2000

    Sandoz — NDA Secondary Org

  3. May 18, 2000

    Novartis — NDA Secondary Org

2020s

  1. Apr 9, 2026

    Apotex — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Combination products

Approval history

  • approvedJul 28, 1947

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C
Mol. weight
524.87 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
2 violation(s)
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Achiral Molecule
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral, Parenteral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

Yes

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • (2e,4e,6e,8e)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
  • (2e,4e,6e,8e)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
  • 9-cis-retinyl acetate
  • 9-cis-retinyl acetate
  • afaxin
  • afaxin
  • all-trans-retinol
  • all-trans-retinol
  • all-trans-retinyl acetate
  • all-trans-retinyl alcohol
  • all-trans-retinyl alcohol
  • all-trans-vitamin a alcohol
  • all-trans-vitamin a alcohol
  • alphalin
  • alphalin
  • aquasol a
  • aquasol a
  • arovit
  • arovit
  • chocola a
  • dagravit a forte
  • del-vi-a
  • del-vi-a
  • dif vitamin a masivo
  • nepalm
  • oleovitamin a
  • oleovitamin a
  • qlt091001
  • qlt091001
  • qlt091001
  • qlt091001
  • retinit
  • retinol
  • retinol
  • retinol
  • retinol
  • retinol
  • retinol
  • retinol acetate
  • retinol acetate
  • retinol acetate
  • retinol acetate
  • retinol acetate
  • retinol acetate, (9,13-cis)-isomer
  • retinol, hexadecanoate
  • retinol palmitate
  • retinol palmitate
  • retinol palmitate
  • retinol palmitate
  • retinol (vit a)
  • retinol (vit a)
  • retinol (vit a)
  • retinyl acetate
  • retinyl acetate
  • retinyl acetate
  • retinyl acetate
  • retinyl acetate
  • retinyl palmitate
  • retinyl palmitate
  • retinyl palmitate
  • retinyl palmitate
  • ro-a-vit
  • ro-a-vit
  • vi-dom-a
  • vi-dom-a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a1
  • vitamin a 1
  • vitamin a acetate
  • vitamin a acetate
  • vitamin a dispersa
  • vitamin a oil
  • vitamin a oil
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin a palmitate
  • vitamin-a-saar
  • vitamin a solubilized
  • vitamin a solubilized

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT06450925Phase 2Nov 30, 2024University of Cincinnati
NCT06623227N/ASep 28, 2024University of Hasanuddin, University of Indonesia, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
NCT06508099Phase 2May 15, 2024Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University
NCT06257680Phase 1Apr 8, 2024Aeonvital Biomedicine
NCT06105060Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Dec 17, 2023Beni Suef University
NCT05774964Phase 2Mar 15, 2023Dalian Medical University
NCT05720559Phase 2Mar 1, 2023Dalian Medical University
NCT05702398Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Mar 1, 2023Rhode Island Hospital
NCT05285293N/AJun 1, 2022Cairo University
NCT05045703N/AJan 31, 2022Duke University, Foundation Fighting Blindness
NCT05271045N/ADec 1, 2021National Nutrition and Food Technology Institute
NCT05039476N/ASep 1, 2021Chemist Confessions, Inc., Citruslabs
NCT04920760Phase 2Jun 21, 2021Shiraz University
NCT06677684N/AFeb 1, 2021Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences
NCT04884516N/AJan 19, 2021Citruslabs, Embody Beauty, Inc.
NCT04563429N/AOct 1, 2020Tel Aviv University
NCT04238845N/AJul 31, 2020Institut et Haute école de la Santé, La Source
NCT04900415Phase 2Jul 22, 2020The University of Hong Kong
NCT04499820N/AJun 26, 2020Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Creteil, Laboratoires Thea
NCT04284059Phase 4May 30, 2020Chongqing Medical University
Showing 20 of 154 trials
Page 1 / 8

Organizations

Research & Development (191)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
Bandim Health ProjectGovernment7722002
International Center for Diarrheal Disease ResearchAcademic/Hospital7521993
Isfahan UniversityAcademic/Hospital7712009
Johns Hopkins UniversityAcademic/Hospital7631997
United States Agency for International DevelopmentGovernment6031994
University of WisconsinAcademic/Hospital6332008
National Eye Institute (NEI)Government5521984
Novelion TherapeuticsFor profit5522008
Bill and Melinda Gates FoundationAcademic/Hospital4021997
International Atomic Energy AgencyGovernment4022009
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)Government4322000
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Government4412000
University of IndonesiaAcademic/Hospital4321998
World Health OrganizationGovernment4021998
Harvard UniversityAcademic/Hospital3221995
Kintampo Health Research Centre, GhanaAcademic/Hospital3222000
Medical Research Council, The GambiaGovernment3122002
University of CincinnatiAcademic/Hospital3322017
University of LondonAcademic/Hospital3232000
University of MiamiAcademic/Hospital3221996
191 organizations
Page 1 / 10

Marketing (32)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
ARCUMFor profitMKTG—
AbraxisFor profitMKTGNov 6, 1981
AbraxisFor profitNDA2Nov 6, 1981
ApotexFor profitMKTGApr 9, 2026
AstraZenecaFor profitMKTG—
Banner PharmacapsFor profitMKTGJun 10, 1974
BayerFor profitMKTGMar 14, 1973
Belmar PharmacyFor profitMKTGMar 6, 1974
Bristol-Myers SquibbFor profitMKTG—
Casper Pharma LLCFor profitNDA2May 18, 1949
Chase Pharmaceuticals CorporationFor profitMKTG—
DEL RAY LABSFor profitMKTG—
Eli LillyFor profitMKTGJul 18, 1973
Elkins SinnFor profitMKTG—
Everylife Foundation for Rare DiseasesAcademic/HospitalMKTG—
HospiraFor profitMKTGFeb 20, 1953
HospiraFor profitNDA2Feb 20, 1953
Impax LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGJul 13, 1973
MK LabsFor profitMKTGMay 2, 1973
NovartisFor profitNDA2May 18, 2000
RocheFor profitMKTGJul 28, 1947
RocheFor profitNDA2Jul 28, 1947
RocheFor profitNDAJul 28, 1947
SandozFor profitMKTGMay 18, 2000
SandozFor profitNDA2May 18, 2000
Sterling-WinthropFor profitMKTGNov 17, 1972
Teligent PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2—
TevaFor profitMKTGDec 19, 1972
University of PennsylvaniaAcademic/HospitalMKTGNov 13, 1973
Watson PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJul 13, 1982
Watson PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2Jul 13, 1982
West-Ward PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGMay 4, 1973