CDEK
← All drugs Report issue

vancomycin

Trade name: Vancocin

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Jun 1, 1958

Vancomycin is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the fermentation of the Actinobacteria species Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis). Vancomycin became available for clinical use >50 years ago. It is often reserved as the "drug of last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed. Vancomycin has been shown to be active against most strains of the following microorganisms, both in vitro and in clinical infections: Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae (including penicillin-resistant strains), Streptococcus agalactiae, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. The combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside acts synergistically in vitro against many strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus bovis, enterococci, and the viridans group streptococci. The bactericidal action of vancomycin results primarily from inhibition of cell-wall biosynthesis. Specifically, vancomycin prevents the incorporation of N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)- and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)-peptide subunits from being incorporated into the peptidoglycan matrix; which forms the major structural component of Gram-positive cell walls. The large hydrophilic molecule is able to form hydrogen bond interactions with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides. Normally this is a five-point interaction. This binding of vancomycin to the D-Ala-D-Ala prevents the incorporation of the NAM/NAG-peptide subunits into the peptidoglycan matrix. In addition, vancomycin alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis. There is no cross-resistance between vancomycin and other antibiotics. Vancomycin is not active in vitro against gram-negative bacilli, mycobacteria, or fungi. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

391 trials · 372 clinical orgs · 44 marketing orgs

Phase 1
50
Phase 2
155
Phase 3
90
Phase 4
109

Earliest trial started Nov 1, 1997 (NCT00003805)

Timeline

1950s

  1. Jun 1, 1958

    Earliest FDA Approval

1960s

  1. Nov 6, 1964

    Ani Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org

  2. Nov 6, 1964

    Ani Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  3. Nov 6, 1964

    STERISCIENCE — Marketing Organization

1980s

  1. Jul 22, 1986

    West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

  2. Mar 17, 1987

    Fresenius — Marketing Organization

  3. Aug 4, 1988

    Hospira — Marketing Organization

1990s

  1. Apr 29, 1993

    Baxalta — NDA Secondary Org

  2. Apr 29, 1993

    Baxter — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Oct 15, 1993

    Lederle — Marketing Organization

  4. Oct 15, 1993

    American Cyanamid — Marketing Organization

  5. Jan 1, 1997

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2003

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jun 30, 2008

    Mustafa Nevzat Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  4. Jun 30, 2008

    Pharmaceutical Associates — Marketing Organization

  5. Jun 30, 2008

    Medimetriks — Marketing Organization

  6. Dec 30, 2008

    Mylan — NDA Secondary Org

  7. Dec 30, 2008

    Mylan — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Apr 27, 2010

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

  2. Apr 27, 2010

    Novartis — Marketing Organization

  3. Apr 9, 2012

    Akorn, Inc. — Marketing Organization

  4. Apr 9, 2012

    Strides Pharma Science — Marketing Organization

  5. Apr 9, 2012

    Watson Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  6. Aug 10, 2012

    Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization

  7. Oct 9, 2013

    Emcure — Marketing Organization

  8. Oct 9, 2013

    Avet Lifesciences — Marketing Organization

  9. Jan 28, 2015

    Lupin — Marketing Organization

  10. Sep 9, 2015

    Xellia Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org

  11. Sep 9, 2015

    Novo Nordisk — Marketing Organization

  12. Dec 23, 2015

    Teva — Marketing Organization

  13. Jan 6, 2016

    Samson Medical — Marketing Organization

  14. Jan 21, 2016

    Gland Pharma Ltd — Marketing Organization

  15. Mar 29, 2016

    Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization

  16. Mar 29, 2016

    Eugia Pharma — Marketing Organization

  17. Jan 26, 2018

    Agadia — NDA Secondary Org

  18. Jan 26, 2018

    Azurity — Marketing Organization

  19. Jan 26, 2018

    Azurity — NDA Secondary Org

  20. Oct 15, 2018

    Hikma — Marketing Organization

  21. Feb 15, 2019

    Novo Nordisk — NDA Secondary Org

  22. Apr 29, 2019

    Orient Pharma Co., Ltd. — Marketing Organization

  23. Jun 12, 2019

    SLATE RUN PHARMA — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. Nov 18, 2021

    Hainan Poly Pharm — Marketing Organization

  2. Feb 15, 2022

    KNACK — Marketing Organization

  3. Jul 6, 2022

    Aspiro — Marketing Organization

  4. Jul 27, 2022

    Meitheal — Marketing Organization

  5. Nov 14, 2022

    Alkem Labs Ltd — Marketing Organization

  6. Jan 20, 2023

    Novus Pharma — Marketing Organization

  7. Jan 20, 2023

    Novus Pharma — NDA Secondary Org

  8. Jun 23, 2023

    Amneal Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Approval history

  • approvedJun 1, 1958

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

CN[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]2C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)c4cc(O)cc(O)c4-c4cc3ccc4O)[C@H](O)c3ccc(c(Cl)c3)Oc3cc2cc(c3O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@H]2C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)Oc2ccc(cc2Cl)[C@H]1O
Mol. weight
1449.27 g/mol
Chirality
Single Stereoisomer
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral, Parenteral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

Yes

Topical

No

Black box warning

Sources

Also known as

  • (1s,2r,18r,22s,25r,28r,40s)-22-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-48-[2-o-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-methyl-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy]-5,15-dichloro-2,18,32,35,37-pentahydroxy-19-[(n-methyl-d-leucyl)amino]-20,23,26,42,44-pentaoxo-7,13-dioxa-21,24,27,41,43-pentaazaoctacyclo[26.14.2.2(3,6).2(14,17).1(8,12).1(29,33).0(10,25).0(34,39)]pentaconta-3,5,8(48),9,11,14,16,29(45),30,32,34,36,38,46,49-pentadecaene-40-carboxylic acid
  • (2.2sp,3.5sa,2.6sp)-o(4.2),c(3.4):c(5.4),o(4.6):c(3.5),c(2.7)-tricyclo[n-methyl-d-leucyl-3-chloro-(r)-beta-hydroxy-d-tyrosyl-l-asparaginyl-d-2-(4-{[2-o-(3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-3-c-methyl-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)-beta-d-glucopyranosyl]oxy}phenyl)glycyl-d-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycyl-3-chloro-(r)-beta-hydroxy-l-tyrosyl-l-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)glycine]
  • dfa-02
  • diatracin
  • vancocin
  • vancocin
  • vancocin
  • vancocin
  • vancocin
  • vancocine
  • vancocin hcl
  • vancocin hcl
  • vancocin hydrochloride
  • vancocin matrigel
  • vancocin matrigel
  • vancoled
  • vancoled
  • vancoled
  • vancomicina
  • vancomicina
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycin
  • vancomycine
  • vancomycine
  • vancomycin hcl
  • vancomycin hcl
  • vancomycin hcl
  • vancomycin hydrochloride
  • vancomycin hydrochloride
  • vancomycin hydrochloride
  • vancomycin hydrochloride
  • vancomycin hydrochloride
  • vancomycinum
  • vancomycinum
  • vancor
  • vancor
  • vanoled

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT06794944Phase 4Sep 30, 2026Harvard University
NCT07283068N/AFeb 15, 2026The University of Texas, Dallas
NCT07201987Phase 2Jan 31, 2026Harvard University
NCT07084129Phase 1Dec 31, 2025National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), University of Pennsylvania
NCT07300553Phase 2Dec 31, 2025Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
NCT07221708Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Nov 1, 2025University of Maryland
NCT07120490N/AOct 31, 2025Medical University of Warsaw
NCT06954129Phase 4Oct 31, 2025University of Pennsylvania
NCT07220967Phase 4Oct 21, 2025Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
NCT06979609Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Oct 1, 2025McGill University
NCT07207434Phase 2Aug 30, 2025Aga Khan University, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Institut Pasteur, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research, University of Zambia
NCT07134790Phase 2Jul 30, 2025Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Ghent University
NCT07013552N/AJun 30, 2025Government of Poland, Silesian University of Medicine
NCT06748144Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Apr 30, 2025The University of Texas, Dallas
NCT06817031Phase 2Apr 30, 2025Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research
NCT06889701Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Apr 3, 2025TenNor Therapeutics Ltd, Xinjiang Medical University
NCT06702345N/AMar 1, 2025GlaxoSmithKline, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Leiden University, University of Cologne, University of Oxford
NCT06747611Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Jan 15, 2025University of Minnesota
NCT06601257Phase 1Jan 5, 2025University of Michigan
NCT06567808Phase 4Dec 31, 2024Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation
Showing 20 of 391 trials
Page 1 / 20

Organizations

Research & Development (372)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
CubistFor profit171232006
Duke UniversityAcademic/Hospital15232003
MerckFor profit12232006
Forest LaboratoriesFor profit10632007
TheravanceFor profit9922003
Harvard UniversityAcademic/Hospital8732008
Mayo ClinicAcademic/Hospital8742010
PfizerFor profit8732001
The University of Texas, DallasAcademic/Hospital7742020
AstraZenecaFor profit6422002
Department of Veteran AffairsGovernment6332006
University of MinnesotaAcademic/Hospital6432014
AllerganFor profit5232011
Arizona State UniversityAcademic/Hospital5422014
Hamilton Health Sciences CorporationAcademic/Hospital5542015
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Government5332005
University of PennsylvaniaAcademic/Hospital5532016
Vedanta Biosciences, Inc.For profit5322017
ActelionFor profit4422011
AstellasFor profit4422012
372 organizations
Page 1 / 19

Marketing (55)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
AgadiaFor profitNDA2Jan 26, 2018
Akorn, Inc.For profitMKTGApr 9, 2012
Alkem Labs LtdFor profitMKTGNov 14, 2022
American CyanamidFor profitMKTGOct 15, 1993
Amneal PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJun 23, 2023
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2Nov 6, 1964
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGNov 6, 1964
AspiroFor profitMKTGJul 6, 2022
Athenex, Inc.For profitMKTG—
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitMKTGMar 29, 2016
Avet LifesciencesFor profitMKTGOct 9, 2013
AzurityFor profitMKTGJan 26, 2018
AzurityFor profitNDA2Jan 26, 2018
BaxaltaFor profitNDA2Apr 29, 1993
BaxterFor profitNDA2Apr 29, 1993
Eli LillyFor profitNDA—
EmcureFor profitMKTGOct 9, 2013
Eugia PharmaFor profitMKTGMar 29, 2016
FreseniusFor profitMKTGMar 17, 1987
Gland Pharma LtdFor profitMKTGJan 21, 2016
Hainan Poly PharmFor profitMKTGJun 12, 2019
Hainan Poly PharmFor profitMKTGNov 18, 2021
HikmaFor profitMKTGOct 15, 2018
HikmaFor profitSYNOct 3, 2018
HospiraFor profitMKTGAug 4, 1988
HospiraFor profitSYNApr 29, 2009
KNACKFor profitMKTGFeb 15, 2022
LederleFor profitMKTGOct 15, 1993
LupinFor profitMKTGJan 28, 2015
MedimetriksFor profitMKTGJun 30, 2008
MeithealFor profitMKTGJul 27, 2022
Mustafa Nevzat PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJun 30, 2008
MylanFor profitNDA2Dec 30, 2008
MylanFor profitMKTGDec 30, 2008
NovartisFor profitMKTGApr 27, 2010
Novo NordiskFor profitNDA2Feb 15, 2019
Novo NordiskFor profitMKTGSep 9, 2015
Novus PharmaFor profitMKTGJan 20, 2023
Novus PharmaFor profitNDA2Jan 20, 2023
Orient Pharma Co., Ltd.For profitMKTGApr 29, 2019
Pharmaceutical AssociatesFor profitMKTGJun 30, 2008
Pharmaceutical AssociatesFor profitSYNApr 9, 2012
Pharmacia & UpjohnFor profitMKTG—
SLATE RUN PHARMAFor profitMKTGJun 12, 2019
STERISCIENCEFor profitMKTGNov 6, 1964
STERISCIENCEFor profitSYNNov 6, 1964
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profitMKTGAug 10, 2012
Samson MedicalFor profitMKTGJan 6, 2016
SandozFor profitMKTGApr 27, 2010
SandozFor profitSYNAug 10, 2012
Strides Pharma ScienceFor profitMKTGApr 9, 2012
TevaFor profitMKTGDec 23, 2015
Watson PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGApr 9, 2012
West-Ward PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGJul 22, 1986
Xellia PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2Sep 9, 2015