sevoflurane
Trade name: ultane
Approved
Jun 7, 1995
Sevoflurane is a general anesthetic that is FDA approved for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia in adult and pediatric patients for inpatient and outpatient surgery. Sevoflurane induces a reduction in junctional conductance by decreasing gap junction channel opening times and increasing gap junction channel closing times. Sevoflurane also activates calcium dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by increasing the fluidity of the lipid membrane. It also appears to bind the D subunit of ATP synthase and NADH dehydogenase and also binds to the GABA receptor. Common adverse reactions include cardiovascular: bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, gastrointestinal: nausea, vomiting, neurologic: somnolence, psychiatric: agitation, respiratory: cough, interrupted breathing and other: shivering. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
531 trials · 396 clinical orgs · 7 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Aug 1, 1996 (NCT00000259)
Timeline
1990s
2000s
2010s
- Nov 3, 2015
Hengrui Therapeutics, Inc. — Marketing Organization
2020s
- Aug 18, 2023
Shandong Lanjin Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd — Marketing Organization
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Abdominal Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Acne Vulgaris · Phase 4
- Acute Kidney Injury · Phase 4
- Acute Pain · Phase 4
- Aged · Phase 4
- Airway Management · Phase 4
- Alcohol Amnestic Disorder · Phase 4
- Alcohol-Related Disorders · Phase 2
- Allergy and Immunology · Phase 3
- Ambulatory Surgical Procedures · Phase 4
- Amnesia · Phase 1
- Analgesia · Phase 3
- Analgesics · Phase 3
- Analgesics, Opioid · Phase 4
- Anesthesia · Phase 4
- Anesthesia and Analgesia · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, Conduction · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, Endotracheal · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, General · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, Inhalation · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, Intravenous · Phase 4
- Anesthesia, Local · Phase 3
- Anesthesia, Spinal · Phase 4
- Anesthetics · Phase 4
- Anesthetics, Inhalation · Phase 3
- Aneurysm · Phase 4
- Anxiety · Phase 4
- Aortic Diseases · Phase 4
- Aortic Valve Insufficiency · Phase 3
- Arthritis · Phase 4
- Atrial Fibrillation · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Back Pain · Phase 3
- Balanitis · Phase 2
- Bariatric Surgery · Phase 4
- Behavior · Phase 4
- Blood Loss, Surgical · Phase 4
- Brain Edema · Phase 4
- Brain Injuries · Phase 4
- Brain Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Breast Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Calculi · Phase 4
- Carcinoma · Phase 4
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular · Phase 4
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung · Phase 3
- Cardiovascular Diseases · Phase 4
- Carotid Artery Diseases · Early Phase 1
- Carotid Stenosis · Phase 4
- Cerebral Arterial Diseases · Phase 3
- Cesarean Section · Phase 4
- Child Development · Phase 3
- Cholangiocarcinoma · Phase 4
- Cholecystitis, Acute · Phase 4
- Chronic Pain · Phase 4
- Cognition Disorders · Phase 4
- Cognitive Aging · Phase 4
- Cognitive Dysfunction · Phase 4
- Colonic Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Colorectal Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Colorectal Surgery · Phase 3
- Consciousness · Phase 4
- Coronary Artery Bypass · Phase 4
- Coronary Artery Disease · Phase 4
- Coronary Disease · Phase 4
- Coronavirus · Phase 3
- Cough · Phase 4
- COVID-19 · Phase 4
- Craniofacial Abnormalities · Phase 2
- Craniotomy · Phase 3
- Cryptorchidism · Phase 4
- Cystoscopes · Phase 3
- Deep Sedation · Phase 4
- Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia · Phase 4
- Delirium · Phase 4
- Dementia · Phase 4
- Dental Anxiety · Phase 2
- Depression · Phase 4
- Depressive Disorder · Phase 4
- Dexmedetomidine · Phase 3
- Disease Progression · Phase 4
- Down Syndrome · Phase 2
- Drug Interactions · Phase 4
- Drug Misuse · Phase 4
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions · Phase 4
- Drugs, Generic · Phase 4
- Drugs, Investigational · Phase 4
- Eating · Phase 4
- Electroconvulsive Therapy · Phase 4
- Emergence Delirium · Phase 4
- Energy Metabolism · Phase 4
- Epigenomics · Phase 4
- Epilepsy · Phase 4
- Erectile Dysfunction · Phase 4
- Esophageal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Etomidate · Phase 4
- Evoked Potentials, Motor · Phase 4
- Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation · Phase 4
- Fluoride Poisoning · Phase 3
- France · Phase 2
- Funnel Chest · Phase 4
- Gabapentin · Phase 3
- Gallbladder Neoplasms · Phase 4
- General Surgery · Phase 4
- Genital Diseases, Female · Phase 4
- Geriatrics · Phase 4
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 · Phase 4
- Gynecology · Phase 4
- Headache · Phase 4
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 4
- Heart Arrest · Phase 4
- Heart Defects, Congenital · Phase 4
- Heart Diseases · Phase 4
- Heart Valve Diseases · Phase 4
- Hemodynamics · Phase 4
- Hemorrhage · Phase 2
- Hernia · Phase 4
- Hernia, Inguinal · Phase 4
- Hip Fractures · Phase 4
- Hydrocephalus · Phase 4
- Hyperalgesia · Phase 4
- Hypertension · Phase 4
- Hypnotics and Sedatives · Phase 4
- Hypotension · Phase 4
- Hypoventilation · Phase 4
- Hypoxia, Brain · Phase 4
- Hysteroscopy · Phase 4
- Infant, Newborn · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Infections · Phase 4
- Inflammation · Phase 1
- Informed Consent · Phase 2
- Inhalation · Phase 4
- Intensive Care Units, Pediatric · Phase 3
- Intracranial Aneurysm · Phase 4
- Intractable Pain · Early Phase 1
- Intraoperative Awareness · Phase 4
- Intubation · Phase 4
- Intubation, Intratracheal · Phase 3
- Ketamine · Phase 3
- Kidney Diseases · Phase 4
- Kidney Failure, Chronic · Phase 3
- Kidney Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Kidney Transplantation · Phase 3
- Laparoscopy · Phase 4
- Laryngeal Masks · Phase 4
- Laryngismus · Phase 4
- Lasers · Phase 4
- Leg Ulcer · Phase 4
- Lidocaine · Phase 3
- Liver Diseases · Phase 3
- Liver Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Liver Transplantation · Phase 4
- Lung · Phase 4
- Lung Diseases · Phase 4
- Lung Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Lung Transplantation · Phase 4
- Lymphoma · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy · Phase 4
- Malocclusion, Angle Class III · Phase 4
- Mandibular Diseases · Phase 4
- Mastectomy, Radical · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Melanoma · Phase 4
- Memory Disorders · Phase 4
- Microcirculation · Phase 4
- Middle Aged · Phase 4
- Mitral Valve Insufficiency · Phase 3
- Muscle Relaxants, Central · Phase 4
- Muscle Relaxation · Phase 4
- Musculoskeletal Diseases · Phase 3
- Myocardial Infarction · Phase 4
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury · Phase 4
- Myocardium · Phase 4
- Narcotics · Phase 3
- Nausea · Phase 4
- Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Nerve Block · Phase 4
- Neurocognitive Disorders · Phase 4
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders · Phase 3
- Neurofibromatoses · Phase 4
- Neuromuscular Blockade · Phase 4
- Neuromuscular Blocking Agents · Phase 4
- Neuromuscular Junction Diseases · Phase 3
- Neuromuscular Monitoring · Phase 4
- Neurosurgery · Phase 3
- Nitrous Oxide · Phase 4
- Nociceptive Pain · Phase 4
- Obesity · Phase 4
- Obesity, Morbid · Phase 4
- Opioid-Related Disorders · Phase 2
- Osteoarthritis · Phase 4
- Ovarian Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Oxidative Stress · Phase 4
- Oximetry · Phase 3
- Oxygen Saturation · Phase 4
- Pain · Phase 4
- Pain Measurement · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Palonosetron · Phase 4
- Paraphimosis · Phase 2
- Pathologic Processes · Phase 3
- Pediatrics · Phase 4
- Perioperative Care · Phase 4
- Pharmacokinetics · Phase 4
- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena · Phase 4
- Phimosis · Phase 2
- Pituitary Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Poisoning · Phase 3
- Postoperative Cognitive Complications · Phase 4
- Postoperative Complications · Phase 4
- Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting · Phase 4
- Postoperative Pain · Phase 4
- Procedural Sedation · Phase 4
- Propofol · Phase 4
- Prostatic Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Rectal Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Renal Insufficiency · Phase 4
- Reperfusion Injury · Phase 4
- Respiratory Aspiration · Phase 4
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome · Phase 4
- Respiratory Insufficiency · Phase 3
- Respiratory System Abnormalities · Phase 4
- Retinal Diseases · Phase 4
- Rotator Cuff Injuries · Phase 4
- Sclerosis · Phase 4
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome · Phase 4
- Sevoflurane · Phase 4
- Shock, Septic · Phase 2
- Sinusitis · Phase 4
- Sleep Apnea, Obstructive · Phase 4
- Sleep Apnea Syndromes · Phase 4
- Spinal Cord Diseases · Phase 4
- Spinal Diseases · Phase 4
- Spinal Fusion · Phase 3
- Spinal Injuries · Phase 4
- Strabismus · Phase 4
- Substance-Related Disorders · Phase 2
- Surgical Oncology · Phase 4
- Surgical Procedures, Operative · Phase 4
- Survival · Phase 4
- Thoracic Surgery · Phase 4
- Tonsillectomy · Phase 4
- Tonsillitis · Phase 2
- Tympanic Membrane Perforation · Early Phase 1
- Unconsciousness · Phase 4
- Ureteral Diseases · Phase 4
- Urinary Bladder Diseases · Phase 4
- Uterus · Phase 4
- Vaginal Diseases · Phase 4
- Vascular Diseases · Phase 4
- Vascular Surgical Procedures · Phase 4
- Ventilation · Phase 3
- Ventricular Dysfunction · Phase 4
- Xenon · Phase 3
Mechanism of action
- GABA-A receptor; anion channelPOSITIVE ALLOSTERIC MODULATOR
GABA-A receptor; anion channel positive allosteric modulator
Likely allosteric but unclear whether benzodiazepine or barbiturate site involved
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1 (GABRA1) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2 (GABRB2) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2 (GABRG2) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3 (GABRB3) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4 (GABRA4) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3 (GABRG3) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta (GABRQ) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3 (GABRA3) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi (GABRP) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta (GABRD) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1 (GABRG1) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1 (GABRB1) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon (GABRE) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2 (GABRA2) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5 (GABRA5) ↗
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6 (GABRA6) ↗
- GABA receptor alpha-1 subunit
- GABA receptor beta-2 subunit
- GABA receptor alpha-4 subunit
- GABA receptor delta subunit
- GABA receptor alpha-5 subunit
- GABA receptor alpha-6 subunit
- GABA receptor beta-3 subunit
- GABA receptor alpha-3 subunit
- GABA receptor alpha-2 subunit
- GABA-A receptor; GABA-A site (alpha1/beta2 interface)
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-3/beta-3/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-1/beta-3/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-5/beta-3/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-2/beta-3/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-1/beta-2/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; alpha-6/beta-3/gamma-2
- GABA-A receptor; benzodiazepine site
- GABA-A receptor; agonist GABA site
- GABA A receptor alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2
- GABA A receptor alpha-3/beta-2/gamma-2
- GABA A receptor alpha-6/beta-2/gamma-2
- GABA A receptor alpha-1/beta-1/gamma-2
- GABA A receptor alpha-4/beta-3/gamma-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4/beta3/delta
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1/ beta-1
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2/beta-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3/ beta-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3/ beta-3/gamma-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3/beta-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3/beta-3/theta
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5/beta-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5/beta-3/gamma-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6/beta-3
- GABA-A receptor alpha-1/beta-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1/beta-2/delta
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4/beta-2/delta
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1/beta-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5/beta-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2/beta-3
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1/alpha-2/beta-2/gamma-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1/gamma-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4/beta-2/gamma-2
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4/beta-1/delta
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5/beta-2/gamma-2
- GABA receptor beta-1 subunit
- Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2/beta-1/gamma-2
- Glycine receptor (alpha-1/beta)POSITIVE MODULATOR
Glycine receptor (alpha-1/beta) positive modulator
alpha1/beta is main adult form
KCNK9 opener
KCNK10 opener
KCNK18 opener
KCNK3 opener
KCNK2 opener
Approval history
- approvedJun 7, 1995
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
FCOC(C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)F- Mol. weight
- 200.0548 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- Yes
- Chirality
- Achiral Molecule
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Topical
- Availability
- Prescription Only
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
Yes
Sources
- WikipediaSevoflurane ↗
- NCATS38LVP0K73A ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL1200694 ↗
Also known as
- 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
- 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane
- bax 3084
- fluoromethyl-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl ether
- fluoromethyl hexafluoroisopropyl ether
- mr6s4
- mr6s4
- mr-6s4
- mr-6s4
- sevoflo
- sevofluorane
- sevofluran
- sevofluran
- sevofluran
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurane
- sevoflurano
- sevoflurano
- sevofluranum
- sevofluranum
- sevofrane
- sevorane
- sevorane
- sevorane
- sevorane
- sojourn
- sojourn
- ultane
- ultane
- ultane
- ultane
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07295158 | N/A | Jan 1, 2026 | Konya City Hospital |
| NCT07271459 | N/A | Dec 31, 2025 | Ain Shams University |
| NCT07304206 | N/A | Dec 8, 2025 | Inonu University |
| NCT07268872 | N/A | Nov 21, 2025 | Henan Provincal People's Hospital |
| NCT07192549 | N/A | Sep 15, 2025 | Ningxia Medical University |
| NCT07181564 | N/A | Sep 11, 2025 | University of Patras |
| NCT07152912 | N/A | Sep 4, 2025 | Ain Shams University |
| NCT07123870 | Phase 4 | Jul 23, 2025 | Kocaeli City Hospital |
| NCT06907823 | N/A | Jun 30, 2025 | Pusan National University |
| NCT07035782 | N/A | Jun 30, 2025 | Wenzhou Medical University |
| NCT07016308 | N/A | Jun 10, 2025 | Harran University |
| NCT06788743 | N/A | Jun 1, 2025 | Xijing Hospital |
| NCT07304479 | N/A | May 1, 2025 | University of Athens |
| NCT06832683 | N/A | Mar 31, 2025 | Kocaeli City Hospital |
| NCT06779890 | Phase 4 | Mar 1, 2025 | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki |
| NCT06773351 | Phase 4 | Feb 1, 2025 | Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Sichuan University |
| NCT07062367 | N/A | Feb 1, 2025 | Tanta University |
| NCT06729086 | N/A | Jan 4, 2025 | Saint-Joseph University |
| NCT06560268 | Phase 4 | Nov 4, 2024 | Cukurova University |
| NCT06457958 | Phase 4 | Nov 1, 2024 | Kocaeli City Hospital, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey |
Organizations
Research & Development (396)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yonsei University | Academic/Hospital | 16 | 16 | 2 | 2010 |
| Seoul National University | Academic/Hospital | 13 | 13 | 2 | 2010 |
| University of Zurich | Academic/Hospital | 11 | 11 | 4 | 2004 |
| University Clermont Auvergne | Academic/Hospital | 10 | 10 | 4 | 2008 |
| Konkuk University | Academic/Hospital | 9 | 9 | 3 | 2007 |
| Mansoura University | Academic/Hospital | 9 | 7 | 1 | 2015 |
| Nanjing Medical University | Academic/Hospital | 9 | 9 | 2 | 2007 |
| Capital Medical University | Academic/Hospital | 8 | 5 | 4 | 2014 |
| Inonu University | Academic/Hospital | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2011 |
| Tanta University | Academic/Hospital | 8 | 8 | 2 | 2019 |
| University of Toronto | Academic/Hospital | 8 | 7 | 3 | 2006 |
| Harvard University | Academic/Hospital | 7 | 6 | 5 | 2013 |
| Huazhong University of Science and Technology | Academic/Hospital | 7 | 6 | 2 | 2009 |
| Kangbuk Samsung Hospital | Academic/Hospital | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2015 |
| People's Liberation Army of China | Government | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2011 |
| University of Rochester | Academic/Hospital | 7 | 5 | 2 | 2006 |
| Baxalta | For profit | 6 | 1 | 2 | 2008 |
| Fudan University | Academic/Hospital | 6 | 6 | 3 | 2015 |
| University of Paris | Academic/Hospital | 6 | 2 | 4 | 2009 |
| Ain Shams University | Academic/Hospital | 5 | 5 | 2 | 2021 |
Marketing (8)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AbbVie | For profit | NDA2 | Jun 7, 1995 |
| AbbVie | For profit | NDA | Jun 7, 1995 |
| Baxalta | For profit | MKTG | Jul 2, 2002 |
| Baxter | For profit | MKTG | Jul 2, 2002 |
| Halocarbon Products | For profit | MKTG | Nov 19, 2007 |
| Hengrui Therapeutics, Inc. | For profit | MKTG | Nov 3, 2015 |
| Piramal | For profit | MKTG | May 2, 2007 |
| Shandong Lanjin Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd | For profit | MKTG | Aug 18, 2023 |