doxorubicin
Trade name: Doxil
Small moleculeapproved
Approved
Aug 7, 1974
Doxorubicin is an antineoplastic in the anthracycline class. General properties of drugs in this class include: interaction with DNA in a variety of different ways including intercalation (squeezing between the base pairs), DNA strand breakage and inhibition with the enzyme topoisomerase II. Most of these compounds have been isolated from natural sources and antibiotics. However, they lack the specificity of the antimicrobial antibiotics and thus produce significant toxicity. The anthracyclines are among the most important antitumor drugs available. Doxorubicin is widely used for the treatment of several solid tumors while daunorubicin and idarubicin are used exclusively for the treatment of leukemia. Doxorubicin may also inhibit polymerase activity, affect regulation of gene expression, and produce free radical damage to DNA. Doxorubicin possesses an antitumor effect against a wide spectrum of tumors, either grafted or spontaneous. Doxorubicin is used to produce regression in disseminated neoplastic conditions like acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, Wilms’ tumor, neuroblastoma, soft tissue and bone sarcomas, breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, transitional cell bladder carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin’s disease, malignant lymphoma and bronchogenic carcinoma in which the small cell histologic type is the most responsive compared to other cell types. Doxorubicin is also indicated for use as a component of adjuvant therapy in women with evidence of axillary lymph node involvement following resection of primary breast cancer. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
2,187 trials · 994 clinical orgs · 30 marketing orgs
Phase 1
447
Phase 2
1726
Phase 3
582
Phase 4
49
Earliest trial started Sep 1, 1978 (NCT00001165)
Timeline
1970s
- Aug 7, 1974
Earliest FDA Approval
- Aug 7, 1974
Pfizer — Marketing Organization
- Aug 7, 1974
Pharmacia & Upjohn — NDA Secondary Org
- Aug 7, 1974
Pfizer — NDA Secondary Org
- Jan 1, 1978
Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)
1980s
- Jan 1, 1986
Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)
- Jan 1, 1988
Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)
- Mar 17, 1989
West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization
- Mar 17, 1989
Hikma — Marketing Organization
- Apr 13, 1989
Bristol-Myers Squibb — Marketing Organization
1990s
- May 21, 1990
Pharmachemie Bv — Marketing Organization
- Jul 28, 1995
Teva — Marketing Organization
- Oct 26, 1995
Fresenius — Marketing Organization
- Nov 17, 1995
Johnson and Johnson — NDA Secondary Org
- Nov 17, 1995
Baxalta — Marketing Organization
- Nov 17, 1995
Baxalta — NDA Secondary Org
2010s
- Oct 28, 2011
Mylan — Marketing Organization
- Feb 14, 2012
PHARMOBEDIENT — Marketing Organization
- Jul 18, 2012
Sandoz — Marketing Organization
- Jul 18, 2012
Healthcare Discoveries Inc. — Marketing Organization
- Nov 8, 2012
Alvogen — Marketing Organization
- Nov 8, 2012
Almaject — Marketing Organization
- Feb 4, 2013
Sun Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Mar 18, 2013
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization
- Jun 27, 2014
Actavis — Marketing Organization
- Feb 17, 2017
Amneal Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- May 15, 2017
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Marketing Organization
- Aug 11, 2017
Gland Pharma Ltd — Marketing Organization
- May 13, 2019
Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. — Marketing Organization
2020s
- Sep 10, 2020
Zydus Discovery DMCC — Marketing Organization
- Oct 12, 2021
Ayana Pharma Ltd., — Marketing Organization
- Oct 19, 2022
Capstone Therapeutics — Marketing Organization
- Jul 16, 2024
Lupin — Marketing Organization
- Jun 27, 2025
Alembic — Marketing Organization
- Feb 3, 2026
Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. — Marketing Organization
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Acne Vulgaris · Phase 2
- Adenocarcinoma · Phase 2
- Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell · Phase 2
- Adenoma, Islet Cell · Phase 2
- Adolescent · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Adrenocortical Carcinoma · Phase 3
- Aged · Phase 2
- Allergy and Immunology · Phase 1
- Alzheimer Disease · Phase 1
- Anthracyclines · Phase 2
- Antibodies, Monoclonal · Phase 2
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols · Phase 2
- Appendiceal Neoplasms · Phase 1
- Astrocytoma · Phase 2
- Basal Cell Carcinoma · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome · Phase 3
- Bile Duct Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Biomarkers · Phase 2
- Bone Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Brain Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Breast Diseases · Phase 2
- Breast Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Breast Neoplasms, Male · Phase 2
- Brenner Tumor · Phase 1
- Brentuximab Vedotin · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Burkitt Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Carcinoma · Phase 3
- Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic · Phase 2
- Carcinoma, Ductal · Phase 2
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular · Phase 4
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung · Phase 2
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial · Phase 3
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal · Phase 2
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell · Phase 3
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Carcinoma, Transitional Cell · Phase 3
- Carcinosarcoma · Phase 2
- Cardiotoxicity · Phase 3
- Castleman Disease · Phase 1
- Chemoembolization, Therapeutic · Phase 2
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant · Phase 2
- Child · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Cholangiocarcinoma · Phase 2
- Chondrosarcoma · Phase 3
- Chondrosarcoma, Mesenchymal · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Choroid Plexus Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Cisplatin · Phase 3
- Cognition Disorders · Phase 2
- Cognitive Dysfunction · Phase 1
- Colonic Neoplasms · Early Phase 1
- Colorectal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Cyclophosphamide · Phase 3
- Cystic Fibrosis · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Depression · Phase 2
- Dermatofibrosarcoma · Phase 3
- Dermatology · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Desmoid Tumors · Phase 1
- Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor · Phase 2
- Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma · Phase 2
- Down Syndrome · Phase 3
- Doxorubicin · Phase 3
- Drug Evaluation · Phase 4
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions · Phase 4
- Drugs, Investigational · Phase 3
- Drug Therapy · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Edema · Phase 2
- Endometrial Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Endoscopy · Phase 2
- Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Erythema · Phase 2
- Esophageal Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Exploratory Behavior · Phase 2
- Extranodal Extension · Phase 2
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Fever · Phase 3
- Fibrosarcoma · Phase 3
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl · Phase 2
- Gallbladder Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Ganglioneuroblastoma · Phase 3
- Gastrointestinal Neoplasms · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors · Phase 1
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease · Phase 3
- Genital Neoplasms, Female · Phase 3
- Geriatrics · Phase 3
- Glioblastoma · Phase 2
- Glioma · Phase 2
- Gliosarcoma · Phase 2
- Hamartoma · Phase 4
- Head and Neck Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 1
- Hemangiosarcoma · Phase 2
- Hematologic Diseases · Phase 3
- Hematologic Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization · Phase 3
- Hepatoblastoma · Phase 3
- Herpesvirus 4, Human · Phase 3
- Herpesvirus 8, Human · Phase 2
- Histiocytic Sarcoma · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors · Phase 2
- HIV · Phase 2
- HIV Infections · Phase 4
- Hodgkin Disease · Phase 4
- HTLV-I Infections · Phase 1
- Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy · Phase 2
- Hypertrophy · Phase 3
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors · Phase 3
- Immunoglobulin Light-chain Amyloidosis · Phase 2
- Immunoglobulin Light Chains · Phase 2
- Immunoglobulins · Phase 3
- Immunotherapy · Phase 3
- Inflammatory Breast Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Intestinal Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Intraocular Lymphoma · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Kidney Diseases · Phase 3
- Kidney Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Lapatinib · Phase 2
- Leiomyosarcoma · Phase 3
- Lenalidomide · Phase 2
- Leukemia · Phase 3
- Leukemia, B-Cell · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Leukemia, Biphenotypic, Acute · Phase 2
- Leukemia, Hairy Cell · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell · Phase 4
- Leukemia, Lymphoid · Phase 2
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell · Phase 4
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive · Phase 3
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute · Phase 3
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic, Atypical, BCR-ABL Negative · Phase 2
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase · Phase 2
- Leukemia, Plasma Cell · Phase 2
- Leukemia, T-Cell · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Liposarcoma · Phase 3
- Liposarcoma, Myxoid · Phase 2
- Liver Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Lung Diseases · Phase 3
- Lung Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Lymphangiosarcoma · Phase 2
- Lymphatic Diseases · Phase 2
- Lymph Nodes · Phase 3
- Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic · Phase 3
- Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, AIDS-Related · Phase 2
- Lymphoma, B-Cell · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone · Phase 3
- Lymphoma, Extranodal NK-T-Cell · Phase 3
- Lymphoma, Follicular · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Immunoblastic · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large Cell · Phase 3
- Lymphoma, Primary Effusion · Phase 2
- Lymphoma, T-Cell · Phase 4
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous · Phase 1
- Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral · Phase 4
- Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis · Phase 2
- Lymphoproliferative Disorders · Phase 4
- Malnutrition · Phase 2
- Mediastinal Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Melanoma · Phase 2
- Meningeal Carcinomatosis · Phase 2
- Mesothelioma · Phase 2
- Mesothelioma, Malignant · Phase 3
- Metabolism · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Methotrexate · Phase 3
- Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures · Phase 2
- Mouth Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Multiple Myeloma · Phase 4
- Mutation · Phase 2
- Mycoses · Phase 1
- Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases · Phase 1
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes · Phase 2
- Myeloma Proteins · Phase 3
- Myeloproliferative Disorders · Phase 2
- Myoepithelioma · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Myosarcoma · Phase 2
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma · Phase 2
- Nausea · Phase 3
- Neoadjuvant Therapy · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neoplasm Metastasis · Phase 3
- Neoplasms by Histologic Type · Phase 1
- Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neoplasms, Connective Tissue · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal · Phase 2
- Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial · Phase 2
- Nerve Sheath Neoplasms · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neuroblastoma · Phase 3
- Neuroectodermal Tumors · Phase 3
- Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive · Phase 1
- Neuroendocrine Tumors · Phase 3
- Neurofibromatosis 1 · Phase 2
- Neurofibrosarcoma · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neutropenia · Phase 3
- N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Obesity · Phase 4
- Oligodendroglioma · Phase 1
- Oncogenes · Phase 2
- Optic Nerve Glioma · Phase 1
- Osteosarcoma · Phase 3
- Ovarian Diseases · Phase 3
- Ovarian Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Pain · Phase 2
- Palmar Plate · Phase 3
- Pancreatic Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Patient Participation · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Pediatrics · Phase 3
- Pelvic Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Peritoneal Cavity · Phase 3
- Peritoneal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena · Phase 4
- Pheochromocytoma · Phase 3
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Plasmablastic Lymphoma · Phase 2
- Plasmacytoma · Phase 3
- Pleural Effusion · Phase 1
- Pleural Effusion, Malignant · Phase 1
- Pleural Neoplasms · Phase 1
- Positron-Emission Tomography · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma · Phase 4
- Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma · Phase 1
- Progression-Free Survival · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Prostatic Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Prosthesis Failure · Phase 2
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic · Phase 2
- Quality of Life · Phase 1
- Radiotherapy · Phase 2
- Rectal Neoplasms · Early Phase 1
- Retinal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Retinoblastoma · Phase 3
- Retroperitoneal Neoplasms · Phase 1
- Rhabdomyosarcoma · Phase 4
- Safety · Phase 4
- Salivary Gland Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Sarcoma · Phase 4
- Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Sarcoma, Clear Cell · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Sarcoma, Endometrial Stromal · Phase 2
- Sarcoma, Ewing · Phase 3
- Sarcoma, Kaposi · Phase 3
- Sarcoma, Synovial · Phase 3
- Sclerosis · Phase 2
- Sepsis · Phase 3
- Sezary Syndrome · Phase 1
- Skin Diseases · Phase 2
- Skin Neoplasms · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Small Cell Lung Carcinoma · Phase 3
- Solitary Fibrous Tumors · Phase 2
- Stomach Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Stomatitis · Phase 2
- Survival · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Testicular Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Thalidomide · Phase 3
- Therapeutics · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Thrombocytopenia · Phase 2
- Thromboembolism · Phase 2
- Thymoma · Phase 2
- Thyroid Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Translocation, Genetic · Phase 2
- Transplantation · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Treatment Refusal · Phase 2
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 · Phase 2
- Ureteral Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Urethral Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Urogenital Neoplasms · Phase 1
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Uterine Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Vaginal Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Vinblastine · Phase 3
- Vinorelbine · Phase 2
- Vulvar Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia · Phase 2
- Wilms Tumor · Phase 4
- Young Adult · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome · Phase 2
Mechanism of action
- DNA topoisomerase II alphaINHIBITOR
TOP2A inhibitor
- DNAINHIBITOR
DNA inhibitor
Approval history
- approvedPriority reviewAug 7, 1974
Chemistry & pharmacology
Loading structure…
SMILES
COc1cccc2c1C(=O)c1c(O)c3c(c(O)c1C2=O)C[C@@](O)(C(=O)CO)C[C@@H]3O[C@H]1C[C@H](N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1- Mol. weight
- 543.53 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- 3 violation(s)
- Rule of 3
- No
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Parenteral
- Availability
- Prescription Only
Oral
No
Parenteral
Yes
Topical
No
Black box warning
Sources
- ChEMBLCHEMBL53463 ↗
- WikipediaDoxorubicin ↗
- NCATS80168379AG ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL359744 ↗
Also known as
- 14-hydroxydaunomycin
- 14-hydroxydaunomycin
- 14-hydroxydaunorubicine
- 14-hydroxydaunorubicine
- (1s,3s)-3-glycoloyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranoside
- (1s,3s)-3-glycoloyl-3,5,12-trihydroxy-10-methoxy-6,11-dioxo-1,2,3,4,6,11-hexahydrotetracen-1-yl 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranoside
- 2b3-101
- 2b3-101
- (8s-cis)-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione
- (8s-cis)-10-((3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-alpha-l-lyxo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,8,11-trihydroxy-8-(hydroxyacetyl)-1-methoxy-5,12-naphthacenedione
- adriamycin
- adriamycin
- adriamycin
- adriamycin
- adriamycin
- adriamycin pfs
- adriamycin pfs
- adriamycin rdf
- adriamycin rdf
- adriblastin
- adriblastin
- adriblastina
- adriblastina
- ati-0918
- caelyx
- caelyx
- caelyx
- caelyx
- doxil
- doxil
- doxil
- doxil
- doxirubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicin
- doxorubicine
- doxorubicine
- doxorubicine
- doxorubicin hcl
- doxorubicin hcl
- doxorubicin hcl
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride
- doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome
- doxorubicin liposomal
- doxorubicin pegylated
- doxorubicinum
- doxorubicinum
- dox-sl
- glutathione pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
- hydroxydaunomycin
- hydroxydaunorubicin
- hydroxydaunorubicin
- hydroxydaunorubicin
- hydroxydaunorubicin
- hydroxydaunorubicin
- hydroxydaunorubicin hcl
- hydroxydaunorubicin hydrochloride
- lipodox
- liposomal doxorubicin
- liposomal doxorubicin
- liposomal doxorubicin
- liposomal doxorubicin
- liposomal pegylated doxorubicin
- myocet
- myocet
- myocet
- pegylated doxorubicin
- pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
- pegylated liposomal doxorubicin
- rubex
- rubex
- rubidox
- tlc d-99
- tlc d-99
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07220187 | Phase 3 | May 2, 2026 | National Cancer Institute (NCI), SWOG Cancer Research Network |
| NCT07224100 | Phase 2 | May 1, 2026 | Takeda, University of Washington |
| NCT07227584 | Phase 2 | Apr 30, 2026 | Harvard University |
| NCT07278856 | Phase 1 | Apr 27, 2026 | City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
| NCT07300475 | Phase 1 | Mar 31, 2026 | Washington University in St. Louis |
| NCT07072585 | Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3) | Mar 30, 2026 | National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
| NCT07286331 | Phase 3 | Mar 5, 2026 | European Network for Gynaecological Oncological Trial, GlaxoSmithKline, GOG Foundation, Inc. |
| NCT07286266 | Phase 3 | Mar 3, 2026 | European Network for Gynaecological Oncological Trial, GlaxoSmithKline, GOG Foundation, Inc. |
| NCT07302919 | Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3) | Jan 15, 2026 | University of Basel |
| NCT07231250 | Phase 2 | Jan 15, 2026 | Sun Yat-Sen University |
| NCT07097363 | Phase 2 | Jan 1, 2026 | AbbVie, University of Washington |
| NCT07125183 | Phase 2 | Dec 31, 2025 | Cancer League of Colorado, Inc, University of Colorado, Denver |
| NCT07243626 | Phase 2 | Dec 30, 2025 | Zhejiang University |
| NCT07139951 | Phase 2 | Dec 11, 2025 | Mayo Clinic |
| NCT07078604 | Phase 2 | Dec 1, 2025 | Kuni Foundation, University of Washington |
| NCT07076186 | Phase 2 | Dec 1, 2025 | University of Texas at Houston |
| NCT07218809 | Phase 3 | Nov 28, 2025 | AstraZeneca, European Network for Gynaecological Oncological Trial, GOG Foundation, Inc. |
| NCT07215585 | Phase 3 | Nov 2, 2025 | AstraZeneca, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre |
| NCT07102940 | Phase 2 | Nov 1, 2025 | George Washington University, Immutep S.A. |
| NCT07194044 | Phase 1 | Oct 31, 2025 | National Pediatric Cancer Foundation, University of South Florida |
Showing 20 of 2,187 trials
Page 1 / 110
Organizations
Research & Development (994)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Government | 531 | 236 | 4 | 1986 |
| University of Texas at Houston | Academic/Hospital | 98 | 89 | 4 | 1993 |
| Roche | For profit | 59 | 36 | 5 | 1999 |
| Cornell University | Academic/Hospital | 58 | 44 | 4 | 1990 |
| Harvard University | Academic/Hospital | 55 | 44 | 4 | 1994 |
| Sun Yat-Sen University | Academic/Hospital | 55 | 42 | 4 | 2006 |
| Merck | For profit | 53 | 26 | 5 | 2003 |
| Southwest Oncology Group | Academic/Hospital | 48 | 30 | 2 | 1989 |
| Fudan University | Academic/Hospital | 38 | 27 | 4 | 2000 |
| Genentech | For profit | 38 | 4 | 3 | 1998 |
| University of Washington | Academic/Hospital | 37 | 25 | 4 | 1992 |
| Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group | Academic/Hospital | 35 | 14 | 2 | 1989 |
| European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer | Academic/Hospital | 35 | 30 | 3 | 1989 |
| Jiao Tong University | Academic/Hospital | 35 | 25 | 4 | 2008 |
| Johnson and Johnson | For profit | 33 | 23 | 3 | 1997 |
| Mayo Clinic | Academic/Hospital | 29 | 15 | 4 | 1989 |
| Amgen | For profit | 28 | 6 | 4 | 1999 |
| Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences | Academic/Hospital | 28 | 14 | 5 | 2008 |
| Millennium Pharmaceuticals | For profit | 28 | 7 | 3 | 2004 |
| Celgene | For profit | 26 | 6 | 3 | 1998 |
994 organizations
Page 1 / 50
Marketing (38)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Actavis | For profit | MKTG | Jun 27, 2014 |
| Alembic | For profit | MKTG | Jun 27, 2025 |
| Almaject | For profit | MKTG | Nov 8, 2012 |
| Alvogen | For profit | MKTG | Nov 8, 2012 |
| Amneal Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Feb 17, 2017 |
| Amneal Pharmaceuticals | For profit | SYN | Feb 17, 2017 |
| Ayana Pharma Ltd., | For profit | MKTG | Oct 12, 2021 |
| Baxalta | For profit | MKTG | Nov 17, 1995 |
| Baxalta | For profit | NDA2 | Nov 17, 1995 |
| Bristol-Myers Squibb | For profit | MKTG | Apr 13, 1989 |
| Capstone Therapeutics | For profit | MKTG | Oct 19, 2022 |
| Dr. Reddy's Laboratories | For profit | SYN | May 15, 2017 |
| Dr. Reddy's Laboratories | For profit | MKTG | May 15, 2017 |
| Farmitalia Carlo Erba | For profit | NDA | — |
| Fresenius | For profit | MKTG | Oct 26, 1995 |
| Gland Pharma Ltd | For profit | MKTG | Aug 11, 2017 |
| Gland Pharma Ltd | For profit | SYN | Aug 11, 2017 |
| Healthcare Discoveries Inc. | For profit | MKTG | Jul 18, 2012 |
| Hikma | For profit | MKTG | Mar 17, 1989 |
| Johnson and Johnson | For profit | NDA2 | Nov 17, 1995 |
| Lupin | For profit | MKTG | Jul 16, 2024 |
| Mylan | For profit | MKTG | Oct 28, 2011 |
| PHARMOBEDIENT | For profit | MKTG | Feb 14, 2012 |
| Pfizer | For profit | MKTG | Aug 7, 1974 |
| Pfizer | For profit | NDA2 | Aug 7, 1974 |
| Pharmachemie Bv | For profit | MKTG | May 21, 1990 |
| Pharmacia & Upjohn | For profit | NDA2 | Aug 7, 1974 |
| Qilu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | For profit | MKTG | Feb 3, 2026 |
| Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | For profit | MKTG | Mar 18, 2013 |
| Sandoz | For profit | MKTG | Jul 18, 2012 |
| Sun Pharmaceuticals | For profit | SYN | Feb 4, 2013 |
| Sun Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Feb 4, 2013 |
| Sun Pharmaceuticals | For profit | SYN | Feb 15, 2012 |
| Teva | For profit | MKTG | Jul 28, 1995 |
| West-Ward Pharmaceutical | For profit | MKTG | Mar 17, 1989 |
| Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. | For profit | MKTG | May 13, 2019 |
| Zydus Discovery DMCC | For profit | MKTG | Sep 10, 2020 |
| Zydus Discovery DMCC | For profit | SYN | Sep 10, 2020 |