CDEK
← All drugs Report issue

glucose monohydrate

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Jan 17, 1946

Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The D-isomer (D-glucose), also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen, for times when the organism will need it. Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. Glucose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk, cane sugar, maltose, cellulose, glycogen etc. It is however, manufactured by hydrolysis of cornstarch by steaming and diluting acid. Glucose is the human body's key source of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 kilojoules) of food energy per gram. Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g. starch) yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is glucose. Use of glucose as an energy source in cells is by either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation. All of these processes follow from an earlier metabolic pathway known as glycolysis. The insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood. Glucose supplies almost all the energy for the brain, so its availability influences psychological processes. When glucose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired. Ingested glucose is absorbed directly into the blood from the intestine and results in a rapid increase in the blood glucose level. Glucose is used to manage hypoglycemia and for intravenous feeding. Nausea may occur after ingesting glucose, but this also may be an effect of the hypoglycemia which is present just prior to ingestion. Other adverse effects include increased blood glucose, injection site leakage of fluid (extravasation), injection site inflammation, and bleeding in the brain. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

73 trials · 101 clinical orgs · 45 marketing orgs

Phase 1
9
Phase 2
26
Phase 3
21
Phase 4
8

Earliest trial started Mar 1, 2002 (NCT00213759)

Timeline

1940s

  1. Jan 17, 1946

    B. Braun — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Jan 17, 1946

    Evidence of US Marketing

  3. Jan 17, 1946

    B. Braun — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Jan 17, 1946

    B. Braun — NDA Organization

1950s

  1. Dec 7, 1953

    Strides Pharma Science — Marketing Organization

  2. Dec 7, 1953

    DAVA Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

1970s

  1. Dec 8, 1970

    Baxalta — NDA Secondary Org

  2. Dec 8, 1970

    Baxter — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Feb 12, 1971

    ICU Medical Inc — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Feb 26, 1974

    Hospira — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Sep 5, 1979

    Bristol-Myers — Marketing Organization

1980s

  1. Sep 3, 1980

    Fresenius — Marketing Organization

  2. Oct 28, 1981

    Alcon — Marketing Organization

  3. Oct 28, 1981

    Nestle — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Feb 14, 1985

    Bristol-Myers Squibb — Marketing Organization

  5. May 9, 1986

    Norbrook — Marketing Organization

  6. Jun 13, 1986

    Abraxis — Marketing Organization

  7. Sep 16, 1986

    West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

  8. Dec 16, 1986

    Abbott — Marketing Organization

  9. Dec 16, 1986

    Abbott — NDA Secondary Org

  10. Nov 1, 1988

    Hospira — Marketing Organization

1990s

  1. Oct 15, 1990

    Barr Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  2. Aug 23, 1991

    Pharmacia & Upjohn — Marketing Organization

  3. Nov 27, 1991

    Akorn, Inc. — Marketing Organization

  4. Nov 27, 1991

    Akorn, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Nov 27, 1991

    Epic Pharma Llc — NDA Secondary Org

  6. May 15, 1992

    Mylan — Marketing Organization

  7. Aug 1, 1994

    Hikma — Marketing Organization

  8. Sep 28, 1995

    DHL Laboratories, Inc — Marketing Organization

  9. Sep 28, 1995

    DHL Laboratories, Inc — NDA Secondary Org

  10. Sep 27, 1996

    Lukare Medical — Marketing Organization

  11. Sep 27, 1996

    Lukare Medical — NDA Secondary Org

  12. Jun 17, 1999

    Duramed Research — Marketing Organization

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2002

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2005

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jan 1, 2006

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  4. Oct 25, 2006

    Baxalta — Marketing Organization

  5. Apr 30, 2007

    Accord Research — Marketing Organization

  6. Mar 31, 2009

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Jan 8, 2010

    Pharmachemie Bv — Marketing Organization

  2. Dec 1, 2010

    Bedford Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  3. Mar 29, 2012

    Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  4. Mar 29, 2012

    EXTROVIS — Marketing Organization

  5. Aug 25, 2014

    Fresenius — NDA Secondary Org

  6. May 21, 2015

    Sun Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  7. Jan 13, 2017

    Zydus Discovery DMCC — Marketing Organization

  8. Apr 25, 2017

    Azurity — Marketing Organization

  9. Apr 25, 2017

    Silvergate Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  10. Dec 22, 2017

    Amneal Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  11. Aug 9, 2018

    Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. Jan 30, 2020

    Eugia Pharma — Marketing Organization

  2. Mar 26, 2021

    International Medication — Marketing Organization

  3. Apr 23, 2021

    Lotus Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

  4. Aug 7, 2023

    Daito Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  5. Apr 8, 2024

    Sankyo — Marketing Organization

  6. May 16, 2024

    Elite Laboratories, Inc — Marketing Organization

  7. Jun 3, 2024

    Alembic — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Combination products

Approval history

  • approvedJan 17, 1946
  • approvedJan 17, 1946

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O
Mol. weight
180.1559 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Single Stereoisomer
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Parenteral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

No

Parenteral

Yes

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • aldehydo-d-glucose
  • aldehydo-d-glucose
  • anhydrous dextrose
  • anhydrous dextrose
  • anhydrous dextrose
  • capd
  • capd
  • clintec
  • dextro energy
  • dextrogel
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose
  • dextrose anhydrous
  • dextrose anhydrous
  • dextrose, anhydrous
  • dextrose, anhydrous
  • dextrose monohydrate
  • d-glucose
  • d-glucose
  • d-glucose
  • d(+)-glucose
  • d(+)-glucose
  • d-glucose, anhydrous
  • d-glucose, anhydrous
  • d-glucose in linear form
  • d-glucose in linear form
  • d-glucose monohydrate
  • gambrosol
  • (+)-glucose
  • glucose monohydrate
  • glucosemonohydricum
  • grape sugar
  • grape sugar
  • gsf-syrup
  • rapilose
  • yourgluco

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT05752279Phase 3Apr 30, 2023University of New South Wales
NCT03665376N/AJun 1, 2017Kabale University, Mbarara University of Science and Technology
NCT02986906N/AMar 1, 2017Government of Taiwan
NCT03471585Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Feb 15, 2017University of Chicago
NCT02982551Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Jan 1, 2017University of Pittsburgh
NCT03466528Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Dec 16, 2016University of Glasgow
NCT02989675N/ADec 1, 2016Karolinska Institute, University of Malawi
NCT02990962N/ADec 1, 2016Government of Taiwan
NCT02971202Phase 1Dec 1, 2016Vanderbilt University
NCT02796729Phase 2Oct 1, 2016British Columbia Cancer Agency
NCT03024814Phase 3Oct 1, 2016King Saud Medical City, King Saud University
NCT02523222N/AJul 1, 2016Baylor University
NCT02653092N/AJun 1, 2016University of Colorado, Denver
NCT02809261N/AMay 1, 2016Government of Taiwan
NCT02728037Phase 3Apr 1, 2016Queen's University, Belfast, University of Paris
NCT02888795N/AFeb 1, 2016National Yang-Ming University
NCT03173495N/AJan 10, 2016Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
NCT02596477Phase 2Oct 1, 2015Mast Therapeutics
NCT02590081Phase 4Oct 1, 2015Government of Malaysia, Penang Medical College
NCT02471690Phase 1Jul 1, 2015The Medicines Company
Showing 20 of 73 trials
Page 1 / 4

Organizations

Research & Development (101)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
Tranzyme, Inc.For profit5532006
Government of TaiwanGovernment3312016
McGill UniversityAcademic/Hospital3322007
New York UniversityAcademic/Hospital3012008
Bioenergy Life Science, Inc.For profit2212006
CelsionFor profit2222008
ICONFor profit2022009
Isfahan UniversityAcademic/Hospital2222010
MerckFor profit2212010
NewLink Genetics IncFor profit2212008
NorgineFor profit2012011
Queen's University, BelfastAcademic/Hospital2112015
Stanford UniversityAcademic/Hospital2012008
University of Colorado, DenverAcademic/Hospital2122002
Academic Pediatric AssociationAcademic/Hospital1012010
American Academy of PediatricsAcademic/Hospital1012010
Aristotle University of ThessalonikiAcademic/Hospital1012007
BaxaltaFor profit1012008
Baylor UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112016
Bnai Zion Medical CenterAcademic/Hospital1112005
101 organizations
Page 1 / 6

Marketing (62)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
AbbottFor profitMKTGDec 16, 1986
AbbottFor profitNDA2Dec 16, 1986
AbraxisFor profitMKTGJun 13, 1986
Accord ResearchFor profitMKTGApr 30, 2007
Akorn, Inc.For profitMKTGNov 27, 1991
Akorn, Inc.For profitNDA2Nov 27, 1991
AlconFor profitMKTGOct 28, 1981
AlconFor profitSYNJul 24, 2008
AlembicFor profitMKTGJun 3, 2024
Amneal PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGDec 22, 2017
AzurityFor profitMKTGApr 25, 2017
B. BraunFor profitNDA2Jan 17, 1946
B. BraunFor profitNDAJan 17, 1946
Barr LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGOct 15, 1990
BaxaltaFor profitMKTGOct 25, 2006
BaxaltaFor profitNDA2Dec 8, 1970
BaxterFor profitNDA2Dec 8, 1970
BaxterFor profitMKTG—
Bedford PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGDec 1, 2010
Bristol-MyersFor profitMKTGSep 5, 1979
Bristol-Myers SquibbFor profitMKTGFeb 14, 1985
Bristol-Myers SquibbFor profitSYNApr 14, 1989
DAVA PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGDec 7, 1953
DHL Laboratories, IncFor profitMKTGSep 28, 1995
DHL Laboratories, IncFor profitNDA2Sep 28, 1995
Daito PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGAug 7, 2023
Duramed ResearchFor profitMKTGJun 17, 1999
EXTROVISFor profitMKTGMar 29, 2012
Elite Laboratories, IncFor profitMKTGMay 16, 2024
Epic Pharma LlcFor profitNDA2Nov 27, 1991
Eugia PharmaFor profitMKTGJan 30, 2020
Eugia PharmaFor profitSYNMar 29, 2012
FreseniusFor profitSYNJun 13, 1994
FreseniusFor profitMKTGSep 3, 1980
FreseniusFor profitNDA2Aug 25, 2014
HikmaFor profitMKTGAug 1, 1994
HikmaFor profitSYNSep 16, 1986
HospiraFor profitMKTGNov 1, 1988
HospiraFor profitNDA2Feb 26, 1974
ICU Medical IncFor profitNDA2Feb 12, 1971
International MedicationFor profitMKTGMar 26, 2021
Lotus PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGApr 23, 2021
Lukare MedicalFor profitMKTGSep 27, 1996
Lukare MedicalFor profitNDA2Sep 27, 1996
MilesFor profitNDA2—
MylanFor profitMKTGMay 15, 1992
MylanFor profitSYNMar 29, 2012
NestleFor profitNDA2Oct 28, 1981
NorbrookFor profitMKTGMay 9, 1986
Pharmachemie BvFor profitMKTGJan 8, 2010
Pharmachemie BvFor profitSYNJul 8, 1988
Pharmacia & UpjohnFor profitMKTGAug 23, 1991
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGMar 29, 2012
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profitMKTGAug 9, 2018
SandozFor profitMKTGMar 31, 2009
SandozFor profitSYNMar 31, 2009
SankyoFor profitMKTGApr 8, 2024
Silvergate PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGApr 25, 2017
Strides Pharma ScienceFor profitMKTGDec 7, 1953
Sun PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGMay 21, 2015
West-Ward PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGSep 16, 1986
Zydus Discovery DMCCFor profitMKTGJan 13, 2017