water
Approved
Sep 10, 1970
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula H2O. It is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance. It is the main constituent of Earth's hydrosphere and the fluids of all known living organisms in which it acts as a solvent. This is because the hydrogen atoms in it have a positive charge and the oxygen atom has a negative charge. It is also a chemically polar molecule. It is vital for all known forms of life, despite not providing food energy or organic micronutrients. Its chemical formula, H2O, indicates that each of its molecules contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, connected by covalent bonds. The hydrogen atoms are attached to the oxygen atom at an angle of 104.45°. In liquid form, H2O is also called "water" at standard temperature and pressure. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
179 trials · 205 clinical orgs · 17 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Apr 1, 1997 (NCT00262470)
Timeline
1800s
- Jan 1, 1800
Evidence of US Marketing
1970s
- Sep 10, 1970
Earliest FDA Approval
- Sep 10, 1970
B. Braun — NDA Secondary Org
- Apr 8, 1974
ICU Medical Inc — NDA Secondary Org
- Dec 31, 1974
Baxalta — NDA Secondary Org
- Dec 31, 1974
Baxter — NDA Secondary Org
1990s
- Jan 1, 1997
Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)
2000s
- Jan 1, 2004
Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)
- Jan 1, 2004
Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)
- Aug 11, 2006
Taro Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
2010s
- Sep 1, 2011
Niagara Pharms — NDA Secondary Org
- Sep 2, 2015
West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization
- Sep 2, 2015
Hikma — Marketing Organization
- Dec 2, 2019
Medefil — Marketing Organization
2020s
- Feb 10, 2021
Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corporation — Marketing Organization
- Jul 11, 2023
Nexus Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Aug 29, 2023
Sankyo — Marketing Organization
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Acne Vulgaris · Phase 1
- Acute Lung Injury · Phase 2
- Acute Pain · Phase 3
- Anesthesia, Local · Phase 3
- Asthma · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Biofilms · Phase 4
- Carcinoma · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Colorectal Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Cough · Phase 3
- Deglutition Disorders · Phase 3
- Dehydration · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Dental Caries · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Dentin Sensitivity · Phase 2
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Diarrhea · Phase 1
- Drugs, Investigational · Phase 1
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing · Phase 3
- Fabry Disease · Phase 1
- Fluorosis, Dental · Phase 1
- Gingivitis · Phase 4
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease · Phase 2
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 2
- Heart Diseases · Phase 4
- HELLP Syndrome · Phase 3
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa · Phase 2
- HIV · Phase 1/Phase 2
- HIV Infections · Phase 2
- Hygiene · Phase 2
- Hyperglycemia · Phase 1
- Hypertension, Pulmonary · Phase 3
- Hypotension, Orthostatic · Phase 1
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases · Phase 3
- Infant, Premature · Phase 2
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight · Phase 4
- Infections · Phase 2
- Intervertebral Disc Degeneration · Phase 2
- Kidney Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Labor, Obstetric · Phase 2
- Labor Pain · Phase 3
- Laparoscopy · Phase 3
- Low Back Pain · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Meconium Ileus · Phase 4
- Monoterpenes · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Mouth · Phase 4
- Multiple System Atrophy · Early Phase 1
- Neonatal Sepsis · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Neonatology · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Oils, Volatile · Phase 4
- Onychomycosis · Phase 2
- Oral Health · Phase 4
- Orthostatic Intolerance · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Osteoarthritis · Phase 2
- Pain · Phase 4
- Papillomavirus Infections · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Periodontitis · Phase 4
- Pharyngitis · Phase 3
- Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated · Early Phase 1
- Postoperative Complications · Phase 2
- Postoperative Pain · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Puerperal Infection · Phase 3
- Pure Autonomic Failure · Phase 1
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome · Phase 2
- Respiratory-Gated Imaging Techniques · Phase 4
- Rhinitis, Allergic · Phase 4
- Sepsis · Phase 3
- Shy-Drager Syndrome · Early Phase 1
- Soft Tissue Infections · Phase 4
- Status Asthmaticus · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Stroke · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Surgical Wound Infection · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Tachycardia · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Tooth Erosion · Phase 2
- Urinary Tract Infections · Phase 4
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms · Phase 1/Phase 2
- von Hippel-Lindau Disease · Phase 2
- Vulvodynia · Phase 2
- Wound Infection · Phase 3
Mechanism of action
- Unspecified targetSupplementation
supplementation
Approval history
- approvedSep 10, 1970
- approvedJan 1, 1800
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
O- Mol. weight
- 18.02 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- Yes
- Chirality
- Achiral Molecule
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Topical
- Availability
- Over the Counter
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
Yes
Sources
- WikipediaWater ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL1098659 ↗
- WikipediaAqua ↗
Also known as
- aqua
- aqua
- dihydrogen oxide
- dihydrogen oxide
- purified water
- purified water
- purified water
- purified water
- pur-wash
- sterile water
- sterile water
- sterile water
- sterile water for injection
- sterile water for injection
- sterile water for injection
- sterile water for irrigation
- sterile water for irrigation
- sterile water for irrigation
- water
- water
- water
- water
- water purified
- water purified
- water, purified
- water, purified
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07067476 | N/A | Jul 15, 2025 | Government of China |
| NCT06967454 | N/A | May 20, 2025 | Northumbria University, University of Surrey |
| NCT07204795 | N/A | May 20, 2025 | Ataturk University |
| NCT07016191 | N/A | May 1, 2025 | Inhale, Inc |
| NCT06760871 | N/A | Jan 15, 2025 | Trakya University |
| NCT06672653 | Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2) | Nov 15, 2024 | MGB Pharma, University of Kinshasa |
| NCT06315543 | N/A | May 23, 2024 | Xijing Hospital |
| NCT06154525 | N/A | Mar 11, 2024 | Anabio, National Institute of Nutrition, Vietnam |
| NCT06148662 | Phase 4 | Dec 1, 2023 | I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University |
| NCT06061783 | N/A | Nov 30, 2023 | University of Guadalajara |
| NCT05913466 | N/A | Jun 20, 2023 | Benha University |
| NCT06538532 | N/A | Jun 1, 2023 | Al Azhar University |
| NCT05862987 | N/A | May 22, 2023 | Palacky University |
| NCT05799911 | N/A | Apr 11, 2023 | Palacky University |
| NCT05621460 | N/A | Nov 30, 2022 | Simon Fraser University |
| NCT05575687 | N/A | Nov 30, 2022 | Tate & Lyle, Wageningen University |
| NCT05556252 | N/A | Oct 31, 2022 | University of Ankara |
| NCT05153837 | N/A | Nov 30, 2021 | University of Picardie Jules Verne |
| NCT05236569 | N/A | Feb 1, 2021 | University of Indonesia |
| NCT04684680 | N/A | Jan 1, 2021 | Aswan University |
Organizations
Research & Development (205)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GlaxoSmithKline | For profit | 6 | 5 | 3 | 2009 |
| Vanderbilt University | Academic/Hospital | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1997 |
| Jiao Tong University | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2007 |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | Government | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1997 |
| University of London | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2009 |
| University of Southern California | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2007 |
| Azad University | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2012 |
| Emory University | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2003 |
| Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2011 |
| Universidade Estadual de Londrina | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2013 |
| University of Santiago de Compostela | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2012 |
| Biofortis | For profit | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2008 |
| Capital Medical University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2011 |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | Government | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2003 |
| Ghent University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2013 |
| Hebrew University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2014 |
| Isfahan University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2012 |
| Johns Hopkins University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2016 |
| Johnson and Johnson | For profit | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2012 |
| Maastricht University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2015 |
Marketing (18)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abraxis | For profit | MKTG | — |
| B. Braun | For profit | NDA2 | Sep 10, 1970 |
| Baxalta | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 31, 1974 |
| Baxter | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 31, 1974 |
| Fresenius | For profit | MKTG | Jan 16, 1984 |
| Hikma | For profit | MKTG | Sep 2, 2015 |
| Hikma | For profit | SYN | Sep 2, 2015 |
| Hospira | For profit | NDA2 | Oct 27, 1982 |
| ICU Medical Inc | For profit | NDA2 | Apr 8, 1974 |
| Medefil | For profit | MKTG | Dec 2, 2019 |
| Miles | For profit | NDA2 | — |
| Nephron Pharmaceuticals Corporation | For profit | MKTG | Feb 10, 2021 |
| Nexus Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Jul 11, 2023 |
| Niagara Pharms | For profit | NDA2 | Sep 1, 2011 |
| Sankyo | For profit | MKTG | Aug 29, 2023 |
| Schering | For profit | NDA | — |
| Taro Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Aug 11, 2006 |
| West-Ward Pharmaceutical | For profit | MKTG | Sep 2, 2015 |