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leflunomide

Trade name: arava

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Sep 10, 1998

Leflunomide, sold under the brand name Arava among others, is an immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), used in active moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. It is a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor that works by inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. — Wikipedia

Clinical trial activity

91 trials · 97 clinical orgs · 16 marketing orgs

Phase 1
19
Phase 2
44
Phase 3
20
Phase 4
18

Earliest trial started Mar 1, 1997 (NCT00001573)

Timeline

1990s

  1. Jan 1, 1997

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 1998

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jan 1, 1998

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  4. Sep 10, 1998

    Sanofi-Aventis — Earliest FDA Approval

  5. Sep 10, 1998

    Sanofi-Aventis — NDA Organization

  6. Sep 10, 1998

    Sanofi-Aventis — NDA Secondary Org

2000s

  1. Sep 13, 2005

    Apotex — Marketing Organization

  2. Sep 13, 2005

    Barr Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  3. Sep 13, 2005

    Fosun — Marketing Organization

  4. Sep 13, 2005

    Heritage Pharma — Marketing Organization

  5. Sep 13, 2005

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

  6. Sep 13, 2005

    Teva — Marketing Organization

  7. Sep 13, 2005

    WANBANG BIOPHARMS — Marketing Organization

  8. Sep 13, 2005

    Novartis — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Nov 21, 2011

    Alembic — Marketing Organization

  2. Apr 24, 2019

    Zydus Discovery DMCC — Marketing Organization

  3. Jun 3, 2019

    Abhai LLC — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. Feb 4, 2020

    Lupin — Marketing Organization

  2. Mar 29, 2021

    Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization

  3. May 10, 2021

    Axunio — Marketing Organization

  4. May 10, 2021

    Alfred E. Tiefenbacher (GmbH & Co. KG) — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Approval history

  • approvedPriority reviewSep 10, 1998

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

Cc1oncc1C(=O)Nc1ccc(C(F)(F)F)cc1
Mol. weight
270.21 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Achiral Molecule
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

No

Topical

No

Black box warningProdrug

Sources

Also known as

  • 4-isoxazolecarboxamide, 5-methyl-n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-
  • 5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethyl)anilide
  • 5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxylic acid (4-trifluoromethyl)anilide
  • 5-methyl-n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-isoxazolecarboxamide
  • 5-methyl-n-(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-isoxazolecarboxamide
  • alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-5-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxy-p-toluidide
  • alpha,alpha,alpha-trifluoro-5-methyl-4-isoxazolecarboxy-p-toluidide
  • arava
  • arava
  • arava
  • arava
  • arava
  • arava
  • avara
  • aventis behring brand of leflunomide
  • aventis brand of leflunomide
  • aventis pharma brand of leflunomide
  • fk788
  • fk788
  • hoechst brand of leflunomide
  • hwa 486
  • hwa-486
  • hwa-486
  • hwa-486
  • leflunomida
  • leflunomida
  • leflunomida
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide
  • leflunomide medac
  • leflunomide medac
  • leflunomide medac
  • leflunomide medac
  • leflunomide medac
  • leflunomidum
  • leflunomidum
  • leflunomidum
  • leflunomidum
  • lefumide
  • lefunomide
  • lefunomide
  • n-(4-trifluoromethyphenyl)-5-methylisoxazole-4-carboxamide
  • repso
  • su101
  • su101
  • su101
  • su-101
  • su-101
  • sulol
  • sulol

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT07138898Phase 2Sep 30, 2025New York University
NCT06923488Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Aug 31, 2025West Virginia University
NCT06454383Phase 1May 13, 2024City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT06229340Phase 2Oct 3, 2023Government of Russia
NCT05937191Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Jun 1, 2023Sun Yat-Sen University
NCT05605587N/AJan 31, 2023University of Basel
NCT05937880N/AJan 1, 2023Sun Yat-Sen University
NCT05443425Phase 1Dec 10, 2022City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT05447520Phase 2Jul 31, 2022Mansoura University
NCT05789030N/AJul 1, 2022Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
NCT05789017N/AJul 1, 2022Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
NCT05113004Phase 2Jan 5, 2022Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
NCT04997993Phase 1Dec 31, 2021Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
NCT05626348Phase 4Dec 22, 2021Shandong University
NCT05014646Phase 2Nov 15, 2021City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT04737343N/AJun 30, 2021Anhui Medical University, Capital Medical University, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chinese SLE Treatment And Research Group, Fudan University, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jilin University, Kunming Medical University, Nanchang University, Sichuan University, Zhejiang University
NCT04932564Phase 2Jun 15, 2021Tata Memorial Hospital
NCT04532372Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Jan 18, 2021City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT04463615Phase 2Nov 30, 2020City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
NCT04508790Phase 2Nov 27, 2020City of Hope National Medical Center, National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Showing 20 of 91 trials
Page 1 / 5

Organizations

Research & Development (97)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Government12121997
City of Hope National Medical CenterAcademic/Hospital101022015
SanofiFor profit9932002
Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesAcademic/Hospital6522012
PfizerFor profit4431998
RocheFor profit4312005
Fudan UniversityAcademic/Hospital3012010
Novum Pharmaceutical Research ServicesFor profit3012002
RegeneronFor profit3022013
SugenFor profit3021998
Sun Yat-Sen UniversityAcademic/Hospital3332012
Anhui College of Traditional Chinese MedicineAcademic/Hospital2012010
Anhui Medical UniversityAcademic/Hospital2112013
AstellasFor profit2222002
GenentechFor profit2222007
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAcademic/Hospital2222019
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchAcademic/Hospital2212015
Jiao Tong UniversityAcademic/Hospital2112010
Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenAcademic/Hospital2212009
Nanjing Medical UniversityAcademic/Hospital2122010
97 organizations
Page 1 / 5

Marketing (21)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
Abhai LLCFor profitMKTGJun 3, 2019
AlembicFor profitMKTGNov 21, 2011
Alfred E. Tiefenbacher (GmbH & Co. KG)For profitMKTGMay 10, 2021
ApotexFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitMKTGMar 29, 2021
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitSYNMar 29, 2021
AxunioFor profitMKTGMay 10, 2021
Barr LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
FosunFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
Heritage PharmaFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
Heritage PharmaFor profitSYNSep 13, 2005
Heritage PharmaFor profitSYNSep 13, 2005
LupinFor profitMKTGFeb 4, 2020
NovartisFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
SandozFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
Sanofi-AventisFor profitNDASep 10, 1998
Sanofi-AventisFor profitNDA2Sep 10, 1998
TevaFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
WANBANG BIOPHARMSFor profitMKTGSep 13, 2005
Zydus Discovery DMCCFor profitMKTGApr 24, 2019
Zydus Discovery DMCCFor profitSYNApr 24, 2019