heroin
Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the opium poppy; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects. Heroin is used medically in several countries to relieve pain, such as during childbirth or a heart attack, as well as in opioid replacement therapy. Medical-grade diamorphine is used as a pure hydrochloride salt. Various white and brown powders sold illegally around the world as heroin are routinely diluted with cutting agents. Black tar heroin is a variable admixture of morphine derivatives—predominantly 6-MAM (6-monoacetylmorphine), which is the result of crude acetylation during clandestine production of street heroin. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
12 trials · 26 clinical orgs · 0 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Apr 1, 1997 (NCT00000326)
Timeline
Indications
Approved for
Mechanism of action
- Delta opioid receptorAGONIST
OPRD1 agonist
- Mu opioid receptorAGONIST
OPRM agonist
- Kappa opioid receptorAGONIST
OPRK1 agonist
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
CC(=O)Oc1ccc2c3c1O[C@H]1[C@@H](OC(C)=O)C=C[C@H]4[C@@H](C2)N(C)CC[C@@]341- Mol. weight
- 369.42 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- No
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- ChEMBLCHEMBL459324 ↗
- WikipediaHeroin ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2106627 ↗
Also known as
- 3,6-diacetylmorphine
- 3,6-diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine
- diacetylmorphine hcl
- diacetylmorphine hcl
- diacetylmorphine hcl
- diacetylmorphine hydrochloride
- diacetylmorphine hydrochloride
- diacetylmorphine hydrochloride
- diamorphine
- diamorphine
- diamorphine
- diamorphine
- diamorphine
- diamorphine
- heroin
- heroin
- heroin
- heroin
- heroin
- heroin
- heroin hcl
- heroin hcl
- o,o'-diacetylmorphine
- o,o'-diacetylmorphine
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04458545 | Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2) | Dec 31, 2020 | Clinilabs, Columbia University |
| NCT02009306 | Phase 4 | Jan 23, 2017 | Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust |
| NCT02210260 | N/A | Sep 1, 2013 | York Teaching Hospitals, York University |
| NCT01447212 | Phase 3 | Dec 1, 2011 | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), University of British Columbia |
| NCT00880373 | Phase 4 | Mar 1, 2011 | Medical Research Council, University of London |
| NCT01049672 | N/A | Sep 1, 2010 | Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust |
| NCT01174927 | Phase 1 | Mar 1, 2010 | University of Basel, University of Bern |
| NCT01760473 | Phase 3 | May 1, 2009 | Columbia University, Indivior Inc. |
| NCT00710385 | Phase 3 | Sep 1, 2007 | Columbia University, Schering-Plough |
| NCT00268814 | Phase 3 | Mar 1, 2002 | City of Bonn, City of Cologne, City of Frankfurt, City of Hamburg, City of Hanover, City of Munich, Federal Ministry of Health, Germany, State of Hessen, State of Lower-Saxony, State of Northrhine-Westfalia, University of Hamburg |
| NCT00000327 | Phase 2 | Jun 1, 1997 | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), University of Colorado, Denver |
| NCT00000326 | Phase 2 | Apr 1, 1997 | National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), University of Colorado, Denver |
Organizations
Research & Development (26)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columbia University | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2007 |
| Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2010 |
| National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) | Government | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1997 |
| University of Colorado, Denver | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1997 |
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2011 |
| City of Bonn | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| City of Cologne | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| City of Frankfurt | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| City of Hamburg | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| City of Hanover | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| City of Munich | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| Clinilabs | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2020 |
| Federal Ministry of Health, Germany | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| Indivior Inc. | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2009 |
| Medical Research Council | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2011 |
| Schering-Plough | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2007 |
| State of Hessen | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| State of Lower-Saxony | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| State of Northrhine-Westfalia | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2002 |
| University of Basel | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2010 |