3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy, and molly, is an entactogen with stimulant and minor psychedelic properties. In studies, it has been used alongside psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. The purported pharmacological effects that may be prosocial include altered sensations, increased energy, empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects begin in 30 to 45 minutes and last three to six hours. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
102 trials · 57 clinical orgs · 0 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Jun 1, 2001 (NCT00895804)
Timeline
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Adjustment Disorders · Phase 2
- Adolescent · Phase 2
- Alcoholism · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Amphetamine-Related Disorders · Phase 1
- Anorexia · Phase 2
- Anxiety · Phase 2
- Anxiety Disorders · Phase 2
- Autism Spectrum Disorder · Early Phase 1
- Basal Cell Carcinoma · Phase 2
- Binge-Eating Disorder · Phase 2
- Borderline Personality Disorder · Phase 2
- Central Nervous System Stimulants · Early Phase 1
- Cognition Disorders · Phase 3
- Cognitive Dysfunction · Phase 3
- Combat Disorders · Phase 2
- Comorbidity · Phase 2
- Fibromyalgia · Early Phase 1
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 1
- Interpersonal Relations · Early Phase 1
- Ischemic Stroke · Phase 3
- Liver Diseases · Phase 1
- Mental Health · Phase 1
- Metabolism · Phase 1
- Mood Disorders · Phase 1
- Motivation · Early Phase 1
- Narcissism · Early Phase 1
- Neoplasms · Phase 2
- N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine · Phase 2
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder · Phase 2
- Opioid-Related Disorders · Phase 2
- Pharmacokinetics · Phase 1
- Phobia, Social · Phase 2
- Psychotherapy · Phase 2
- Reflex, Startle · Phase 1
- Schizophrenia · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Social Behavior · Early Phase 1
- Social Cognition · Early Phase 1
- Social Interaction · Early Phase 1
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic · Phase 4
- Substance-Related Disorders · Phase 1
Mechanism of action
- Monoamine oxidaseAGONIST
Monoamine oxidase agonist
- Norepinephrine transporterRELEASING AGENT
Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter releasing agent
Mechanism_for_indication: PTSD.
- Dopamine transporterRELEASING AGENT
Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter releasing agent
Mechanism_for_indication: PTSD.
- Serotonin transporterRELEASING AGENT
Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter releasing agent
Mechanism_for_indication: PTSD.
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
CNC(C)Cc1ccc2c(c1)OCO2- Mol. weight
- 193.25 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- Yes
- Chirality
- Racemic Mixture
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaMDMA ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL43048 ↗
Also known as
- 3,4-methyelendioxymethamphetamine
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine hydrochloride
- ecstasy
- ecstasy
- mdma
- mdma
- mdma
- methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07118839 | Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3) | Feb 1, 2026 | Department of Veteran Affairs |
| NCT07288151 | Phase 2 | Jan 31, 2026 | Department of Defense, Emory University |
| NCT07102576 | Phase 1 | Jan 6, 2026 | Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai |
| NCT07301632 | Phase 2 | Dec 17, 2025 | Unity Health Toronto |
| NCT07303907 | Phase 2 | Dec 3, 2025 | Mind Medicine, Inc. |
| NCT06989957 | Phase 1 | Sep 17, 2025 | Johns Hopkins University |
| NCT06905652 | Phase 1 | Jul 29, 2025 | University of Basel |
| NCT06353282 | Phase 2 | Jul 1, 2025 | University of California, Los Angeles |
| NCT06884514 | Phase 1 | Apr 3, 2025 | University of Basel |
| NCT06693609 | Phase 2 | Mar 1, 2025 | atai Therapeutics, Inc. |
| NCT06772753 | Phase 1 | Feb 5, 2025 | Johns Hopkins University |
| NCT06789705 | N/A | Jan 27, 2025 | University of Basel |
| NCT06683014 | Phase 2 | Dec 31, 2024 | Yale University |
| NCT06418178 | Phase 2 | Oct 31, 2024 | Department of Veteran Affairs |
| NCT06608238 | Phase 2 | Sep 3, 2024 | SkinJect, Inc. |
| NCT06565494 | Early Phase 1 (Phase 1) | Aug 27, 2024 | University of Washington |
| NCT06066853 | Early Phase 1 (Phase 1) | Mar 31, 2024 | Harvard University, Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies |
| NCT05837845 | Phase 2 | Feb 29, 2024 | Department of Veteran Affairs, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Stanford University, Steven & Alexandra Cohen Children's Medical Center, New York |
| NCT06394284 | Phase 3 | Feb 18, 2024 | Herzog Hospital |
| NCT05746572 | Phase 4 | Jan 31, 2024 | Emory University |