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carbidopa

Trade name: sinemet

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

May 2, 1975

Carbidopa is a competitive inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, is routinely administered with levodopa (LD) for the treatment of the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (paralysis agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, and symptomatic parkinsonism, which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication. Current evidence indicates that symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are related to depletion of dopamine in the corpus striatum. Administration of dopamine is ineffective in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease apparently because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. However, levodopa, the metabolic precursor of dopamine, does cross the blood- brain barrier, and presumably is converted to dopamine in the brain. When levodopa is administered orally it is rapidly decarboxylated to dopamine in extracerebral tissues so that only a small portion of a given dose is transported unchanged to the central nervous system. For this reason, large doses of levodopa are required for adequate therapeutic effect and these may often be accompanied by nausea and other adverse reactions, some of which are attributable to dopamine formed in extracerebral tissues. Carbidopa inhibits decarboxylation of peripheral levodopa. Carbidopa has not been demonstrated to have any overt pharmacodynamic actions in the recommended doses. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

196 trials · 127 clinical orgs · 35 marketing orgs

Phase 1
66
Phase 2
97
Phase 3
38
Phase 4
29

Earliest trial started Jun 1, 2001 (NCT00223717)

Timeline

1970s

  1. May 2, 1975

    Merck — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. May 2, 1975

    Merck — Marketing Organization

  3. May 2, 1975

    Merck — NDA Organization

  4. May 2, 1975

    Organon — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Apr 25, 1977

    Aton — NDA Secondary Org

1990s

  1. Aug 28, 1992

    Mayne Pharma — Marketing Organization

  2. Aug 28, 1992

    Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  3. Sep 3, 1993

    Actavis — Marketing Organization

  4. Mar 25, 1994

    Boston Scientific Corporation — Marketing Organization

  5. Jun 29, 1995

    Ani Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  6. Jun 29, 1995

    IDT Australia Ltd. — Marketing Organization

  7. Sep 30, 1999

    Mylan — Marketing Organization

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jun 11, 2003

    Orion Corporation — Marketing Organization

  3. Jun 11, 2003

    Orion Corporation — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Jan 1, 2004

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  5. Jan 1, 2004

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  6. May 14, 2004

    Impax Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  7. Jun 16, 2004

    Apotex — Marketing Organization

  8. Jun 24, 2004

    Lumara Health — Marketing Organization

  9. Aug 27, 2004

    UCB — Marketing Organization

  10. Jun 10, 2005

    Ranbaxy — Marketing Organization

  11. Sep 18, 2008

    Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  12. Jul 31, 2009

    Sun Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Nov 20, 2012

    Wockhardt — Marketing Organization

  2. Feb 8, 2013

    Accord Research — Marketing Organization

  3. Mar 10, 2014

    Amerigen Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  4. Jan 7, 2015

    Impax Laboratories — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Jan 9, 2015

    AbbVie — Marketing Organization

  6. Jan 9, 2015

    AbbVie — NDA Secondary Org

  7. Jan 8, 2016

    Alvogen — Marketing Organization

  8. Feb 17, 2016

    Edenbridge Pharms — Marketing Organization

  9. Oct 20, 2017

    Novel Anti-Infective Technologies, LLC — Marketing Organization

  10. May 7, 2018

    Zydus Discovery DMCC — Marketing Organization

  11. Jun 5, 2019

    Alembic — Marketing Organization

  12. Oct 21, 2019

    Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. May 7, 2021

    Sciegen Pharmaceticals — Marketing Organization

  2. Nov 12, 2021

    Avion Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Sep 21, 2022

    Rubicon Research — Marketing Organization

  4. Mar 31, 2023

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

  5. Mar 31, 2023

    Novartis — Marketing Organization

  6. Dec 11, 2023

    Beximco — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Combination products

  • sinemet

    with levodopa

    Also known as abbv-291, carbidopa and levodopa, carbilev, duodopa, duopa, hrg2010, parcopa, rytary, sinemet cr, wd-1603 carbidopa-levodopa extended-release tablets

  • stalevo

    with entacapone, levodopa

Approval history

  • approvedPriority reviewMay 2, 1975

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

C[C@@](Cc1ccc(O)c(O)c1)(NN)C(=O)O
Mol. weight
226.23 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Single Stereoisomer
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

No

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • abt-slv187
  • alpha-methyldopahydrazine
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa hydrate
  • carbidopa-levodopa
  • carbidopum
  • carbidopum
  • caribdopa
  • ipx054
  • l-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-hydrazinopropionic acid
  • l-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-hydrazinopropionic acid
  • (-)-l-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate
  • (-)-l-alpha-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylhydrocinnamic acid monohydrate
  • levodopa / carbidopa
  • levodopa / carbidopa / entacapone
  • lodosin
  • lodosyn
  • lodosyn
  • lodosyn
  • l-α-methyldopahydrazine
  • l-α-methyldopahydrazine
  • (s)-carbidopa
  • (s)-carbidopa
  • (s)-carbidopa
  • (s)-(−)-carbidopa
  • (s)-(−)-carbidopa
  • (αs)-α-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylbenzenepropanoic acid
  • (αs)-α-hydrazino-3,4-dihydroxy-α-methylbenzenepropanoic acid

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT07246278Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Nov 20, 2025Tanta University
NCT07229651Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Nov 10, 2025Tanta University
NCT07151378Phase 3Sep 16, 2025University of Tuebingen
NCT06831500Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)May 31, 2025University of Lausanne
NCT07001150Phase 2May 10, 2025Tanta University
NCT06667687Phase 1Jan 29, 2025AbbVie
NCT06785298Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Dec 10, 2024Tanta University
NCT06587217Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Oct 31, 2024National Institute on Aging (NIA), University of Michigan
NCT06596876Phase 3Sep 20, 2024Hengrui Therapeutics, Inc.
NCT06219915Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2)Mar 15, 2024National Institute on Aging (NIA), University of Michigan
NCT06180720Phase 1Dec 20, 2023Qingdao University
NCT06075771Phase 4Nov 30, 2023Emory University, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
NCT06236230Phase 4Nov 15, 2023Soochow University
NCT06113640Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Nov 5, 2023Tanta University
NCT06161220Phase 1Oct 30, 2023Impax Laboratories
NCT06013956Phase 4Aug 29, 2023The Cleveland Clinic
NCT05976737Phase 1Aug 17, 2023Qingdao University
NCT05962957Phase 2Aug 7, 2023Horus University, Tanta University
NCT05909267N/AJul 26, 2023Humboldt University
NCT06614153Phase 2May 16, 2023Hengrui Therapeutics, Inc.
Showing 20 of 196 trials
Page 1 / 10

Organizations

Research & Development (127)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
Orion CorporationFor profit151442004
AbbVieFor profit141442006
NeuroDerm Ltd.For profit131332010
NovartisFor profit111132004
BialFor profit101042006
Impax LaboratoriesFor profit9932005
Tanta UniversityAcademic/Hospital7722023
Vanderbilt UniversityAcademic/Hospital7642001
Columbia UniversityAcademic/Hospital6542010
Emory UniversityAcademic/Hospital6332015
IQVIAFor profit6022008
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)Government6022015
Northwestern UniversityAcademic/Hospital6542007
Intec Pharma Ltd.For profit5522009
Snyder, Robert W., M.D., Ph.D., P.C.Academic/Hospital5512017
Hong Kong WD Pharmaceutical Co., LimitedFor profit4412019
University of MichiganAcademic/Hospital4422019
Acorda TherapeuticsFor profit3312015
Hengrui Therapeutics, Inc.For profit3332021
Hoosier Cancer Research NetworkAcademic/Hospital3222004
127 organizations
Page 1 / 7

Marketing (49)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
AbbVieFor profitMKTGJan 9, 2015
AbbVieFor profitNDA2Jan 9, 2015
Accord ResearchFor profitMKTGFeb 8, 2013
ActavisFor profitMKTGSep 3, 1993
AlembicFor profitMKTGJun 5, 2019
AlembicFor profitSYNJun 5, 2019
AlvogenFor profitMKTGJan 8, 2016
AlvogenFor profitSYNJan 8, 2016
Amerigen PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGMar 10, 2014
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNJun 29, 1995
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJun 29, 1995
ApotexFor profitMKTGJun 16, 2004
ApotexFor profitSYNJun 2, 2008
AtonFor profitNDA2Apr 25, 1977
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitMKTGOct 21, 2019
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitSYNOct 21, 2019
Avion PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2Nov 12, 2021
BeximcoFor profitMKTGDec 11, 2023
Boston Scientific CorporationFor profitMKTGMar 25, 1994
Dr. Reddy's LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGAug 28, 1992
Edenbridge PharmsFor profitMKTGFeb 17, 2016
IDT Australia Ltd.For profitMKTGJun 29, 1995
Impax LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGMay 14, 2004
Impax LaboratoriesFor profitSYNJan 7, 2015
Impax LaboratoriesFor profitNDA2Jan 7, 2015
Lumara HealthFor profitMKTGJun 24, 2004
Mayne PharmaFor profitMKTGAug 28, 1992
MerckFor profitMKTGMay 2, 1975
MerckFor profitNDAMay 2, 1975
MylanFor profitMKTGSep 30, 1999
NovartisFor profitMKTGMar 31, 2023
Novel Anti-Infective Technologies, LLCFor profitMKTGOct 20, 2017
OrganonFor profitNDA2May 2, 1975
OrganonFor profitSYNMay 30, 1991
Orion CorporationFor profitMKTGJun 11, 2003
Orion CorporationFor profitNDA2Jun 11, 2003
RanbaxyFor profitMKTGJun 10, 2005
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGSep 18, 2008
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNSep 18, 2008
Rubicon ResearchFor profitMKTGSep 21, 2022
SandozFor profitMKTGMar 31, 2023
Sciegen PharmaceticalsFor profitMKTGMay 7, 2021
Sun PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNJul 31, 2009
Sun PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJul 31, 2009
Sun PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNAug 23, 2007
UCBFor profitMKTGAug 27, 2004
Watson PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTG—
WockhardtFor profitMKTGNov 20, 2012
Zydus Discovery DMCCFor profitMKTGMay 7, 2018