CDEK
← All drugs Report issue

chlorambucil

Trade name: Leukeran

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Mar 18, 1957

Chlorambucil is a bifunctional 12 alkylating agent of the nitrogen mustard type that has been found active against selected human 13 neoplastic diseases. Chlorambucil alkylates and cross-links DNA during all phases of the cell cycle, inducing DNA damage via three different methods of covalent adduct generation with double-helical DNA. Bone marrow suppression (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia) is the most commonly occurring side effect of chlorambucil. There are no known drug/drug interactions with chlorambucil. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

51 trials · 59 clinical orgs · 4 marketing orgs

Phase 1
5
Phase 2
44
Phase 3
31
Phase 4
2

Earliest trial started Nov 1, 1993 (NCT00003639)

Timeline

1950s

  1. Mar 18, 1957

    Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Mar 18, 1957

    Aspen Pharmaceuticals — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Mar 18, 1957

    Woodward — Marketing Organization

  4. Mar 18, 1957

    Woodward — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Mar 18, 1957

    Waylis Therap — Marketing Organization

1990s

  1. Jan 1, 1993

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2000

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2005

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

  • DNAINHIBITOR

    DNA inhibitor

    Alkylating agent

Approval history

  • approvedPriority reviewMar 18, 1957

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=C(C=C1)N(CCCl)CCCl
Mol. weight
304.212 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Achiral Molecule
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

No

Topical

No

Black box warning

Sources

Also known as

  • 4-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid
  • 4-[p-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyric acid
  • 4-(p-bis(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid
  • 4-(p-bis(beta-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid
  • 4-(p-bis(β-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid
  • 4-(p-bis(β-chloroethyl)aminophenyl)butyric acid
  • ambochlorin
  • ambochlorin
  • ambochlorin
  • amboclorin
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chlorambucil
  • chloraminophen
  • chloraminophen
  • chloraminophene
  • chlorbutin
  • chlorbutin
  • chlorbutin
  • chlorobutine
  • gamma-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid
  • gamma-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid
  • leukeran
  • leukeran
  • leukeran
  • n,n-di-2-chloroethyl-gamma-p-aminophenylbutyric acid
  • n,n-di-2-chloroethyl-gamma-p-aminophenylbutyric acid
  • n,n-di-2-chloroethyl-γ-p-aminophenylbutyric acid
  • n,n-di-2-chloroethyl-γ-p-aminophenylbutyric acid
  • phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard
  • phenylbutyric acid nitrogen mustard
  • γ-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid
  • γ-[p-di(2-chloroethyl)aminophenyl]butyric acid

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT06319456Phase 3Apr 7, 2024Ascentage Pharma Group Inc., Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
NCT04692740Phase 2Dec 18, 2020Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute University of Milano. Italy
NCT04578613Phase 3Oct 20, 2020Beijing InnoCare Pharma Tech Co., Ltd.
NCT04075292Phase 3Mar 19, 2020AstraZeneca, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
NCT03462719Phase 3Apr 17, 2018Johnson and Johnson, Pharmacyclics
NCT02612311Phase 3Jan 1, 2016TG Therapeutics, Inc.
NCT02336048Phase 1Jun 26, 2015Roche
NCT02475681Phase 3Jun 1, 2015Acerta Pharma
NCT01980875Phase 3Apr 1, 2015Gilead Sciences
NCT02242942Phase 3Dec 31, 2014AbbVie, German CLL Study Group, Roche
NCT02264574Phase 3Oct 1, 2014Pharmacyclics
NCT02100852Phase 1Mar 1, 2014TG Therapeutics, Inc.
NCT01808599Phase 2Dec 1, 2013International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group, Ospedale S. Giovanni Bellinzona
NCT01905943Phase 3Nov 30, 2013Roche
NCT01868893Phase 2Aug 1, 2013Genentech
NCT01808326Phase 2Apr 1, 2013GlaxoSmithKline
NCT01722487Phase 3Mar 1, 2013Johnson and Johnson, Pharmacyclics
NCT01724346Phase 3Jan 1, 2013Johnson and Johnson, Pharmacyclics
NCT01563055Phase 2Apr 1, 2012GlaxoSmithKline
NCT01678430Phase 3Dec 1, 2011Chugai, GlaxoSmithKline, Napo Pharmaceuticals, University of Liverpool
Showing 20 of 51 trials
Page 1 / 3

Organizations

Research & Development (59)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
RocheFor profit111042002
German CLL Study GroupAcademic/Hospital5112003
GenentechFor profit4122009
PharmacyclicsFor profit4312013
Children's Cancer and Leukaemia GroupAcademic/Hospital3322000
Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesAcademic/Hospital3012011
GlaxoSmithKlineFor profit3222011
Johnson and JohnsonFor profit3112013
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of CancerAcademic/Hospital2112001
French Innovative Leukemia OrganisationAcademic/Hospital2122001
Gilead SciencesFor profit2222010
International Extranodal Lymphoma Study GroupAcademic/Hospital2222003
Medical Research CouncilGovernment2111998
National Cancer Institute (NCI)Government2211995
NovartisFor profit2122005
Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS TrutsAcademic/Hospital2012006
Royal Marsden Hospital NHS TrustAcademic/Hospital2021999
TG Therapeutics, Inc.For profit2222014
University of NottinghamAcademic/Hospital2022000
University of SheffieldAcademic/Hospital2011995
59 organizations
Page 1 / 3

Marketing (5)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
Aspen PharmaceuticalsFor profitNDA2Mar 18, 1957
Burroughs WellcomeFor profitNDA—
Waylis TherapFor profitMKTGMar 18, 1957
WoodwardFor profitMKTGMar 18, 1957
WoodwardFor profitNDA2Mar 18, 1957