brimonidine
Trade name: alphagan
Approved
Sep 6, 1996
Brimonidine reduces the amount of fluid in the eye, which decreases pressure inside the eye. Brimonidine ophthalmic (for the eyes) is used to treat open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (high pressure inside the eye). Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist (primarily alpha-2). Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Adverse reactions occurring in approximately 1020% of the subjects receiving brimonidine ophthalmic solution (0.1-0.2%) included: allergic conjunctivitis, conjunctival hyperemia, and eye pruritus. Because Brimonidine may reduce blood pressure, caution in using drugs such as antihypertensives and/or cardiac glycosides with Brimonidine is advised. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
177 trials · 141 clinical orgs · 31 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Dec 1, 1998 (NCT00317577)
Timeline
1990s
2000s
- Mar 16, 2001
AbbVie — NDA Secondary Org
- May 28, 2003
Bausch & Lomb — Marketing Organization
- Sep 16, 2003
Sandoz — NDA Secondary Org
- Sep 10, 2004
Teva — Marketing Organization
- Mar 14, 2006
Akorn, Inc. — Marketing Organization
- Mar 14, 2006
Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Jan 1, 2008
2010s
- Aug 3, 2010
Alcon — Marketing Organization
- Aug 3, 2010
Nestle — Marketing Organization
- Apr 6, 2011
Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Jan 27, 2012
Apotex — Marketing Organization
- Apr 19, 2013
Novartis — Marketing Organization
- Apr 19, 2013
Alcon — NDA Secondary Org
- Apr 19, 2013
Novartis — NDA Secondary Org
- Apr 19, 2013
Nestle — NDA Secondary Org
- Aug 23, 2013
Galderma — NDA Secondary Org
- Feb 21, 2014
Sandoz — Marketing Organization
- Nov 18, 2014
Indoco Remedies — Marketing Organization
- Jul 31, 2017
Perrigo — Marketing Organization
- Dec 22, 2017
Bausch & Lomb — NDA Secondary Org
- Dec 22, 2017
Bausch Health Companies — NDA Secondary Org
- Mar 11, 2019
Somerset Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Mar 11, 2019
Mylan — Marketing Organization
2020s
- Sep 23, 2021
Padagis Us — Marketing Organization
- Oct 4, 2022
Lachman Consultants — Marketing Organization
- Oct 31, 2022
SENTISS — Marketing Organization
- Dec 12, 2022
Upsher-Smith Laboratories — Marketing Organization
- Jan 3, 2023
Slayback Pharma Llc — Marketing Organization
- Jan 3, 2023
Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Marketing Organization
- Mar 29, 2023
Alembic — Marketing Organization
- Nov 22, 2023
Micro Labs Ltd India — Marketing Organization
- May 16, 2024
Glenmark Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Aug 26, 2024
Lupin — Marketing Organization
- Dec 30, 2024
Amneal Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
- Feb 25, 2025
Caplin Point Laboratories — Marketing Organization
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Alcohol-Related Disorders · Early Phase 1
- Blepharoptosis · Phase 4
- Blood Circulation · Phase 4
- Brimonidine Tartrate · Phase 3
- Capillaries · Phase 3
- Conjunctivitis · Phase 3
- Conjunctivitis, Allergic · Phase 3
- Corneal Diseases · Phase 3
- Corneal Edema · Phase 3
- Deficiency Diseases · Early Phase 1
- Diabetic Retinopathy · Phase 2/Phase 3
- Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions · Phase 2
- Dry Eye Syndromes · Phase 3
- Ectropion · Phase 4
- Entropion · Phase 4
- Epidermal Growth Factor · Phase 2
- Erythema · Phase 4
- Eye Diseases · Phase 4
- Eye Diseases, Hereditary · Phase 4
- Flushing · Early Phase 1
- Folate Receptor 1 · Phase 2
- General Surgery · Phase 2
- Geographic Atrophy · Phase 2
- Glaucoma, Angle-Closure · Phase 4
- Graft vs Host Disease · Phase 3
- Hand-Foot Syndrome · Phase 2
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 2
- Hyperemia · Phase 3
- Hypertension · Phase 4
- Intraocular Pressure · Phase 4
- Low Tension Glaucoma · Phase 4
- Lubricant Eye Drops · Phase 3
- Macular Degeneration · Phase 2
- Macular Edema · Phase 2
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Miosis · Phase 3
- Multiple Sclerosis · Phase 4
- Myopia · Phase 2
- Ocular Physiological Phenomena · Phase 4
- Ophthalmic Solutions · Phase 3
- Ovarian Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Pharmacological and Toxicological Phenomena · Phase 2
- Posterior Capsule of the Lens · Phase 4
- Presbyopia · Phase 3
- Prostatic Neoplasms · Phase 4
- Pseudophakia · Early Phase 1
- Refractive Errors · Phase 3
- Regional Blood Flow · Phase 4
- Retinal Diseases · Phase 2
- Retinitis Pigmentosa · Phase 1/Phase 2
- Telangiectasis · Phase 4
- Tomography, Optical Coherence · Phase 4
- Vision, Low · Phase 3
- Vision, Ocular · Phase 3
- Visual Acuity · Phase 3
- Vitrectomy · Phase 1
- Vitreous Body · Phase 2
Mechanism of action
Combination products
combigan
with timolol
simbrinza
with brinzolamide
Also known as simbrinza 0.2%/1% ophthalmic suspension
yuvezzi
with carbachol
Approval history
- approvedSep 6, 1996
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
Brc1c(NC2=NCCN2)ccc2nccnc12- Mol. weight
- 292.14 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- No
- Chirality
- Achiral Molecule
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Topical
- Availability
- Over the Counter
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
Yes
Sources
- ChEMBLCHEMBL844 ↗
- WikipediaBrimonidine/timolol ↗
- NCATSE6GNX3HHTE ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2062257 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL1200389 ↗
- WikipediaBrimonidine ↗
Also known as
- 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline
- 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)quinoxaline
- agn-190342-lf
- agn-190342-lf
- alphagan
- alphagan
- alphagan
- brimonidina
- brimonidina
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine
- brimonidine l-tartarate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidine tartrate
- brimonidinum
- brimonidinum
- brinzolamide / brimonidine tartrate
- bromonide
- bromoxidine
- bromoxidine
- bromoxidine
- brymont
- cd07805/47
- combigan
- mirvaso
- uk 14,304
- uk 14,304
- uk 14,304
- uk 14,304
- uk 14,304
- uk 14,304
- uk-14304
- uk-14304
- uk-1430418
- uk-1430418
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07209410 | Phase 4 | Nov 1, 2025 | InSight Eyecare |
| NCT07082764 | Phase 2 | Sep 1, 2025 | Tarian Pharma |
| NCT06996236 | Phase 2 | Jul 31, 2025 | Universidad Complutense de Madrid |
| NCT06883123 | Phase 4 | May 14, 2025 | Prairie Eye Center, Sengi |
| NCT06818058 | Phase 2 | Jan 20, 2025 | Tarian Pharma |
| NCT06365853 | Phase 2 | Jul 29, 2024 | AbbVie |
| NCT06730516 | Early Phase 1 (Phase 1) | Jun 24, 2024 | Zagazig University |
| NCT06449352 | Phase 4 | Jun 13, 2024 | Sengi, Westlake Eye Specialists |
| NCT06270030 | Phase 1 | Mar 4, 2024 | Ji Xing Pharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT06177678 | Phase 2 | Feb 29, 2024 | Kukje Pharma |
| NCT06045299 | Phase 3 | Sep 27, 2023 | Ji Xing Pharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05936489 | Phase 1 | Jul 6, 2023 | ORA, Inc., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05728944 | Phase 3 | Apr 24, 2023 | ORA, Inc., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05815758 | Phase 3 | Apr 20, 2023 | Bausch & Lomb |
| NCT05753189 | Phase 3 | Feb 21, 2023 | ORA, Inc., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05591755 | Phase 3 | Dec 22, 2022 | Bausch & Lomb |
| NCT05656027 | Phase 3 | Dec 19, 2022 | ORA, Inc., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05579730 | Phase 3 | Dec 12, 2022 | Bausch & Lomb |
| NCT05431543 | Phase 2 | Aug 6, 2022 | ORA, Inc., Presbyopia Therapies, LLC |
| NCT05480098 | Phase 4 | May 26, 2022 | University of Louisville |
Organizations
Research & Development (141)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allergan | For profit | 35 | 31 | 5 | 1999 |
| Alcon | For profit | 17 | 15 | 4 | 2003 |
| Galderma | For profit | 16 | 14 | 4 | 2008 |
| ORA, Inc. | For profit | 10 | 0 | 3 | 2011 |
| Presbyopia Therapies, LLC | For profit | 8 | 6 | 3 | 2022 |
| Bausch & Lomb | For profit | 7 | 7 | 2 | 2013 |
| Laboratorios Sophia S.A de C.V. | For profit | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2006 |
| Tel Aviv University | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2009 |
| University of Sao Paulo | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2005 |
| University of Toronto | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2012 |
| University of Vienna | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2004 |
| Wake Forest University | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2016 |
| Arlington Center for Dermatology | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 0 | 2 | 2010 |
| Eye Therapies, LLC | For profit | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2011 |
| Harvard University | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2009 |
| Ocugen | For profit | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2017 |
| University of California, San Francisco | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2010 |
| Visus Therapeutics | For profit | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2021 |
| Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2009 |
| Bp Consulting, Inc | For profit | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2005 |
Marketing (42)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AbbVie | For profit | NDA2 | Mar 16, 2001 |
| Akorn, Inc. | For profit | MKTG | Mar 14, 2006 |
| Alcon | For profit | MKTG | Aug 3, 2010 |
| Alcon | For profit | NDA2 | Apr 19, 2013 |
| Alembic | For profit | MKTG | Mar 29, 2023 |
| Allergan | For profit | NDA2 | Sep 6, 1996 |
| Allergan | For profit | NDA | Mar 13, 1997 |
| Amneal Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Dec 30, 2024 |
| Apotex | For profit | SYN | Jan 31, 2022 |
| Apotex | For profit | MKTG | Jan 27, 2012 |
| Bausch & Lomb | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 22, 2017 |
| Bausch & Lomb | For profit | MKTG | May 28, 2003 |
| Bausch Health Companies | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 22, 2017 |
| Caplin Point Laboratories | For profit | MKTG | Feb 25, 2025 |
| Dr. Reddy's Laboratories | For profit | MKTG | Jan 3, 2023 |
| Galderma | For profit | NDA2 | Aug 23, 2013 |
| Glenmark Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | May 16, 2024 |
| Hi Tech Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Apr 6, 2011 |
| Indoco Remedies | For profit | SYN | Nov 18, 2014 |
| Indoco Remedies | For profit | MKTG | Nov 18, 2014 |
| Lachman Consultants | For profit | MKTG | Oct 4, 2022 |
| Lupin | For profit | MKTG | Aug 26, 2024 |
| Micro Labs Ltd India | For profit | MKTG | Nov 22, 2023 |
| Mylan | For profit | MKTG | Mar 11, 2019 |
| Nestle | For profit | NDA2 | Apr 19, 2013 |
| Nestle | For profit | MKTG | Aug 3, 2010 |
| Novartis | For profit | MKTG | Apr 19, 2013 |
| Novartis | For profit | NDA2 | Apr 19, 2013 |
| Padagis Us | For profit | MKTG | Sep 23, 2021 |
| Perrigo | For profit | MKTG | Jul 31, 2017 |
| Perrigo | For profit | SYN | Nov 29, 2023 |
| Rising Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Mar 14, 2006 |
| SENTISS | For profit | MKTG | Oct 31, 2022 |
| Sandoz | For profit | NDA2 | Sep 16, 2003 |
| Sandoz | For profit | MKTG | Feb 21, 2014 |
| Slayback Pharma Llc | For profit | MKTG | Jan 3, 2023 |
| SmithKline Beecham | For profit | NDA2 | Sep 6, 1996 |
| Somerset Pharmaceuticals | For profit | SYN | Sep 10, 2024 |
| Somerset Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Mar 11, 2019 |
| Teva | For profit | SYN | Oct 4, 2022 |
| Teva | For profit | MKTG | Sep 10, 2004 |
| Upsher-Smith Laboratories | For profit | MKTG | Dec 12, 2022 |