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rocuronium

Trade name: zemuron

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Mar 17, 1994

Rocuronium (brand names Zemuron, Esmeron) is an aminosteroid non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker or muscle relaxant used in modern anesthesia to facilitate endotracheal intubation by providing skeletal muscle relaxation, most commonly required for surgery or mechanical ventilation. Rocuronium bromide is a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent with a rapid to intermediate onset depending on dose and intermediate duration. It acts by competing for cholinergic receptors at the motor end-plate. This action is antagonized by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as neostigmine and edrophonium. Most common adverse reactions are transient hypotension and hypertension. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

253 trials · 191 clinical orgs · 29 marketing orgs

Phase 1
9
Phase 2
40
Phase 3
24
Phase 4
96

Earliest trial started Mar 1, 2001 (NCT00592579)

Timeline

1990s

  1. Mar 17, 1994

    Organon — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Mar 17, 1994

    Organon — NDA Organization

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jan 1, 2003

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  4. Nov 26, 2008

    Hospira — Marketing Organization

  5. Nov 26, 2008

    Mylan — Marketing Organization

  6. Nov 26, 2008

    Teva — Marketing Organization

  7. Dec 5, 2008

    Sandoz — Marketing Organization

  8. Dec 5, 2008

    Novartis — Marketing Organization

  9. Dec 29, 2008

    Fresenius — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Jul 28, 2010

    Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization

  2. Aug 27, 2012

    Tamarang — Marketing Organization

  3. Feb 28, 2017

    West-Ward Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

  4. Apr 12, 2017

    Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization

  5. Apr 12, 2017

    Eugia Pharma — Marketing Organization

  6. Apr 4, 2018

    Gland Pharma Ltd — Marketing Organization

  7. Apr 4, 2018

    Fosun — Marketing Organization

  8. Aug 13, 2019

    Sanovel Ilac — Marketing Organization

  9. Aug 13, 2019

    Piramal — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. May 26, 2022

    Prinston Inc — Marketing Organization

  2. Mar 2, 2023

    Caplin Point Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  3. May 8, 2023

    Eu Yan Sang — Marketing Organization

  4. May 8, 2023

    Meitheal — Marketing Organization

  5. May 24, 2023

    Hikma — Marketing Organization

  6. Jul 12, 2024

    Shandong Lanjin Pharmaceuticals Co.,Ltd — Marketing Organization

  7. Jul 12, 2024

    Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  8. Jul 22, 2024

    STERISCIENCE — Marketing Organization

  9. May 29, 2025

    Mankind Pharma — Marketing Organization

  10. Oct 24, 2025

    Sterinova Inc — Marketing Organization

  11. Oct 24, 2025

    B. Braun — Marketing Organization

  12. Jan 6, 2026

    KNACK — Marketing Organization

  13. Mar 4, 2026

    Aspiro — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Approval history

  • approvedMar 17, 1994

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

C=CC[N+]1([C@H]2C[C@H]3[C@@H]4CC[C@H]5C[C@H](O)[C@@H](N6CCOCC6)C[C@]5(C)[C@H]4CC[C@]3(C)[C@H]2OC(C)=O)CCCC1
Mol. weight
529.79 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
1 violation(s)
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Single Stereoisomer
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Parenteral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

No

Parenteral

Yes

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • 1-(17-(acetoyl)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)androstan-16-yl)-1-(2-propenyl)pyrrolidinium
  • (17 beta)-2-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol
  • 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-methyl ether
  • 2-hydroxyestradiol 2-methyl ether
  • 2-hydroxyestradol 2-methyl ether
  • 2-hydroxyestradol 2-methyl ether
  • 2me2
  • 2me2
  • 2-meoe2
  • 2-meoe2
  • 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol
  • 2-methoxy-17beta-estradiol
  • 2-methoxyestra-1(10),2,4-triene-3,17-diol
  • 2-methoxyestra-1(10),2,4-triene-3,17-diol
  • 2-methoxyestradiol
  • 2-methoxyestradiol
  • 2-methoxyestradiol
  • 2-methoxyestradiol
  • 2-methoxyestradiol, (17alpha)-isomer
  • 2-methoxyestradiol-17beta
  • 2-methoxyestradiol-17beta
  • 2-methoxyestradiol-17 beta
  • 2-methoxyoestradiol
  • 2-(methyl-11c)methoxyestradiol
  • esm
  • esm
  • esmeron
  • esmeron
  • esmeron
  • esmeron
  • esmeron
  • esmerone
  • nmba
  • nmba
  • org 9426
  • org 9426
  • org-9426
  • org-9426
  • org-9426
  • org-9426
  • org-9426
  • org-9426
  • panzem
  • panzem
  • panzem
  • pyrrolidinium, 1-((2beta,3alpha,5alpha,16beta,17beta)-17-(acetyloxy)-3-hydroxy-2-(4-morpholinyl)androstan-16-yl)-1-(2-propenyl)-, bromide
  • rocuronbromid
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium
  • rocuronium bromide
  • rocuronium bromide
  • rocuronium bromide
  • rocuronium bromide
  • rocuronium bromide
  • rocuronium bromide
  • zemuron
  • zemuron
  • zemuron
  • zemuron
  • zemuron

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT07211399Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Jan 1, 2026University of Pittsburgh
NCT07299630Phase 3Dec 20, 2025Ain Shams University
NCT07304206N/ADec 8, 2025Inonu University
NCT07168252Phase 4Dec 1, 2025Monash University
NCT07203287Phase 4Aug 26, 2025University of Texas, Galveston
NCT06564857Phase 4Jun 1, 2025University of Copenhagen
NCT07035301N/AMar 17, 2025Harbin Medical University
NCT06679569N/ANov 6, 2024Seoul National University
NCT06613893N/AOct 1, 2024Ain Shams University
NCT06707532N/AAug 1, 2024Government of Poland
NCT06399445Phase 4Apr 18, 2024University of Split
NCT06225466Phase 4Apr 10, 2024Merck, The University of Texas, Dallas
NCT06150001N/ADec 31, 2023Chang Gung University
NCT06720285Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Oct 1, 2023Airlangga University, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
NCT06029049Phase 4Sep 13, 2023University of Texas at Houston
NCT05887375Phase 4Aug 3, 2023Merck, University of Missouri
NCT05872451N/AJul 1, 2023Chosun University
NCT07064408N/AJun 1, 2023Hebei University
NCT06558695N/AMay 1, 2023Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
NCT05736744Phase 2/Phase 3 (Phase 3)Mar 20, 2023Assiut University
Showing 20 of 253 trials
Page 1 / 13

Organizations

Research & Development (191)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
MerckFor profit411452002
Seoul National UniversityAcademic/Hospital171722009
University of CopenhagenAcademic/Hospital121222007
Yonsei UniversityAcademic/Hospital9922012
Ain Shams UniversityAcademic/Hospital7742015
CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profit7712001
Korea UniversityAcademic/Hospital7722012
Harvard UniversityAcademic/Hospital6532006
Radboud UniversityAcademic/Hospital6622014
Leiden UniversityAcademic/Hospital5422012
People's Liberation Army of ChinaGovernment5422012
Assiut UniversityAcademic/Hospital4432014
Peking UniversityAcademic/Hospital4422012
Tanta UniversityAcademic/Hospital4412021
University of Texas at HoustonAcademic/Hospital4322017
Ajou UniversityAcademic/Hospital3322016
Catholic University of KoreaAcademic/Hospital3332014
University of WashingtonAcademic/Hospital3322014
Adolphe Rothschild Ophtalmologic FoundationAcademic/Hospital2212013
Capital Medical UniversityAcademic/Hospital2012014
191 organizations
Page 1 / 10

Marketing (33)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
AspiroFor profitMKTGMar 4, 2026
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitMKTGApr 12, 2017
B. BraunFor profitMKTGOct 24, 2025
Caplin Point LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGMar 2, 2023
Eu Yan SangFor profitMKTGMay 8, 2023
Eugia PharmaFor profitMKTGApr 12, 2017
FosunFor profitMKTGApr 4, 2018
FreseniusFor profitMKTGDec 29, 2008
Gland Pharma LtdFor profitMKTGApr 4, 2018
Gland Pharma LtdFor profitSYNApr 4, 2018
HikmaFor profitMKTGMay 24, 2023
HospiraFor profitMKTGNov 26, 2008
KNACKFor profitMKTGJan 6, 2026
Mankind PharmaFor profitMKTGMay 29, 2025
MeithealFor profitMKTGMay 8, 2023
MylanFor profitMKTGNov 26, 2008
MylanFor profitSYNJul 12, 2024
NovartisFor profitMKTGDec 5, 2008
OrganonFor profitNDAMar 17, 1994
PiramalFor profitMKTGAug 13, 2019
Prinston IncFor profitMKTGMay 26, 2022
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJul 12, 2024
STERISCIENCEFor profitMKTGJul 22, 2024
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profitMKTGJul 28, 2010
Sagent Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profitSYNJul 28, 2010
SandozFor profitMKTGDec 5, 2008
SandozFor profitSYNDec 5, 2008
Sanovel IlacFor profitMKTGAug 13, 2019
Shandong Lanjin Pharmaceuticals Co.,LtdFor profitMKTGJul 12, 2024
Sterinova IncFor profitMKTGOct 24, 2025
TamarangFor profitMKTGAug 27, 2012
TevaFor profitMKTGNov 26, 2008
West-Ward PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGFeb 28, 2017