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tizanidine

Trade name: zanaflex

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Nov 27, 1996

Tizanidine is a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. Tizanidine is an agonist at a2-adrenergic receptor sites and presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons. In animal models, tizanidine has no direct effect on skeletal muscle fibers or the neuromuscular junction, and no major effect on monosynaptic spinal reflexes. The effects of tizanidine are greatest on polysynaptic pathways. The overall effect of these actions is thought to reduce facilitation of spinal motor neurons. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, nervousness, hallucinations, depression, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, increased muscle spasms, back pain, rash, sweating, and a tingling sensation in the arms, legs, hands, and feet. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

35 trials · 48 clinical orgs · 26 marketing orgs

Phase 1
13
Phase 2
12
Phase 3
7
Phase 4
8

Earliest trial started Sep 1, 2001 (NCT01146028)

Timeline

1990s

  1. Nov 27, 1996

    Covis — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Nov 27, 1996

    Covis — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Nov 27, 1996

    Covis — Marketing Organization

  4. Nov 27, 1996

    Covis — NDA Organization

  5. Nov 27, 1996

    LEGACY PHARMA — NDA Secondary Org

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2001

    Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2002

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jun 27, 2002

    CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc. — Marketing Organization

  4. Jul 3, 2002

    Dr. Reddy's Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  5. Jul 12, 2002

    Actavis — Marketing Organization

  6. Jul 12, 2002

    Ani Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  7. Oct 11, 2002

    Epic Pharma Llc — Marketing Organization

  8. Mar 28, 2003

    Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  9. Mar 28, 2003

    Mylan — Marketing Organization

  10. Apr 9, 2003

    Barr Laboratories — Marketing Organization

  11. Sep 29, 2003

    Sun Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  12. Oct 20, 2003

    Oxford Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  13. Jan 16, 2004

    Apotex — Marketing Organization

  14. Sep 30, 2004

    Teva — Marketing Organization

2010s

  1. Nov 28, 2012

    Unichem — Marketing Organization

  2. Jan 1, 2013

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jan 26, 2017

    Par Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization

  4. Jan 26, 2017

    Bristol-Myers Squibb — Marketing Organization

  5. Mar 3, 2017

    Zydus Discovery DMCC — Marketing Organization

  6. Aug 4, 2017

    Jubilant Innovation Ltd. — Marketing Organization

  7. Jan 25, 2019

    Alkem Labs Ltd — Marketing Organization

  8. Mar 12, 2019

    RiconPharma — Marketing Organization

  9. Mar 12, 2019

    Novast Labs — Marketing Organization

  10. Mar 26, 2019

    Cadila Healthcare — Marketing Organization

2020s

  1. Jan 13, 2020

    Alembic — Marketing Organization

  2. Mar 24, 2020

    Aurobindo Pharma — Marketing Organization

  3. May 27, 2020

    Rubicon Research — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

Approval history

  • approvedNov 27, 1996

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

Clc1ccc2nsnc2c1NC1=NCCN1
Mol. weight
253.72 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
No
Chirality
Achiral Molecule
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No
Delivery
Oral
Availability
Prescription Only

Oral

Yes

Parenteral

No

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4-amine, 5-chloro-n-(4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-2-yl)-
  • 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
  • 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
  • 5-chloro-4-(2-imidazolin-2-ylamino)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole
  • acorda brand of tizanidine hydrochloride
  • an021
  • an-021
  • an-021
  • ds 103-282
  • ds 103-282
  • ds 103-282
  • ds 103-282
  • ds 103-282
  • ds 103-282
  • ds-103-282
  • ds-103-282
  • ds103-282
  • novartis brand of tizanidine hydrochloride
  • sanofi synthelabo brand of tizanidine hydrochloride
  • sirdalud
  • sirdalud
  • sirdalud
  • sirdalud mr
  • sparc1401
  • tizanidin
  • tizanidin
  • tizanidina
  • tizanidina
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine
  • tizanidine hcl
  • tizanidine hcl
  • tizanidine hcl
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine hydrochloride
  • tizanidine monohydrochloride
  • tizanidinum
  • tizanidinum
  • zanaflex
  • zanaflex
  • zanaflex
  • zanaflex
  • zanaflex

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT07022353N/AJul 15, 2025Mansoura University
NCT07309354N/AJul 15, 2025Uşak University
NCT07025187N/AJun 16, 2025Kafrelsheikh University
NCT06303076Phase 4Sep 30, 2024Sultan Qaboos University
NCT06863662Phase 3Sep 18, 2024Laboratorios Silanes S.A. de C.V., OAXACA SITE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATION, SC
NCT06666673Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Aug 23, 2024National Institutes of Health (NIH), Northwestern University
NCT06382662Phase 4Apr 15, 2024Primus Pharmaceuticals, Sponsor GmbH
NCT06258785Phase 3Apr 1, 2024University of Chicago
NCT06274021Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Mar 1, 2024Methodist Rehabilitation Center, The Craig H. Neilsen Foundation, University of Mississippi
NCT06027099Phase 3Feb 29, 2024Stanford University
NCT05789173Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Oct 6, 2023Indiana University, National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
NCT05484349Phase 3Aug 31, 2022SICHUAN CREDIT PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Zhejiang University
NCT07310628Phase 4Aug 20, 2022All India Institute of Medical Sciences
NCT05488847Phase 4Jun 25, 2022Henry Ford Health System
NCT04574791N/ASep 3, 2020Thomas Jefferson University
NCT04429347Phase 2Jul 1, 2020National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), University of California, San Diego
NCT04081597Phase 1Oct 31, 2019Acanthus
NCT03068897Phase 4May 3, 2017Yeshiva University
NCT02887534Phase 2Nov 1, 2016SPARC
NCT02934061Phase 3Oct 1, 2016Latis Srl, MDM S.p.A., Opera CRO, SCM GADOS
Showing 20 of 35 trials
Page 1 / 2

Organizations

Research & Development (48)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
TevaFor profit3322006
Acorda TherapeuticsFor profit2222011
Dr. Reddy's LaboratoriesFor profit2212001
Hoosier Cancer Research NetworkAcademic/Hospital2212008
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)Government2012008
SFBC AnapharmFor profit2012001
Tel Aviv UniversityAcademic/Hospital2012006
AcanthusFor profit1112019
AllerganFor profit1012003
All India Institute of Medical SciencesAcademic/Hospital1112022
Ankara Yildirim Beyazıt UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112013
Ataturk UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112016
Bausch Health CompaniesFor profit1112015
Elan PharmaceuticalsFor profit1112002
Government of NetherlandsGovernment1012013
Hebrew UniversityAcademic/Hospital1012006
Henry Ford Health SystemAcademic/Hospital1112022
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiAcademic/Hospital1112003
INC ResearchFor profit1012011
Indiana UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112023
48 organizations
Page 1 / 3

Marketing (34)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
ActavisFor profitMKTGJul 12, 2002
AlembicFor profitMKTGJan 13, 2020
Alkem Labs LtdFor profitMKTGJan 25, 2019
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNJul 3, 2002
Ani PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJul 12, 2002
ApotexFor profitMKTGJan 16, 2004
ApotexFor profitSYNFeb 3, 2012
Aurobindo PharmaFor profitMKTGMar 24, 2020
Barr LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGApr 9, 2003
Bristol-Myers SquibbFor profitMKTGJan 26, 2017
CASI Pharmaceuticals, Inc.For profitMKTGJun 27, 2002
Cadila HealthcareFor profitMKTGMar 26, 2019
Cadila HealthcareFor profitSYNMar 9, 2018
CovisFor profitNDA2Nov 27, 1996
CovisFor profitMKTGNov 27, 1996
CovisFor profitNDANov 27, 1996
Dr. Reddy's LaboratoriesFor profitMKTGJul 3, 2002
Epic Pharma LlcFor profitMKTGOct 11, 2002
Jubilant Innovation Ltd.For profitMKTGAug 4, 2017
LEGACY PHARMAFor profitNDA2Nov 27, 1996
MylanFor profitMKTGMar 28, 2003
MylanFor profitSYNDec 16, 2003
Novast LabsFor profitMKTGMar 12, 2019
Oxford PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGOct 20, 2003
Par PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGJan 26, 2017
RiconPharmaFor profitMKTGMar 12, 2019
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGMar 28, 2003
Rising PharmaceuticalsFor profitSYNMar 28, 2003
Rubicon ResearchFor profitMKTGMay 27, 2020
Sun PharmaceuticalsFor profitMKTGSep 29, 2003
TevaFor profitMKTGSep 30, 2004
TevaFor profitSYNJul 3, 2002
UnichemFor profitMKTGNov 28, 2012
Zydus Discovery DMCCFor profitMKTGMar 3, 2017