CDEK
← All drugs Report issue

carbon dioxide

Trade name: dry ice

Small moleculeapproved

Approved

Jul 5, 2013

Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice. — NCATS

Clinical trial activity

66 trials · 71 clinical orgs · 17 marketing orgs

Phase 1
6
Phase 2
18
Phase 3
5
Phase 4
2

Earliest trial started Jan 1, 2001 (NCT00325312)

Timeline

2000s

  1. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 2 Sponsor(trial)

  2. Jan 1, 2001

    Earliest Phase 3 Sponsor(trial)

  3. Jan 1, 2008

    Earliest Phase 1 Sponsor(trial)

2010s

  1. Jul 5, 2013

    BOC International — Earliest FDA Approval

  2. Jul 5, 2013

    Evidence of US Marketing

  3. Jul 5, 2013

    Linde AG — NDA Secondary Org

  4. Jul 5, 2013

    BOC International — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Jul 5, 2013

    BOC International — NDA Organization

  6. Jul 20, 2013

    Airgas Usa Llc — NDA Secondary Org

  7. Jul 21, 2013

    Praxair — NDA Secondary Org

  8. May 25, 2014

    Reliant Holdings Ltd — NDA Secondary Org

  9. Aug 22, 2017

    Liss America Llc — NDA Secondary Org

  10. Jun 15, 2019

    A-Ox Welding Supply Co, Inc. — NDA Secondary Org

2020s

  1. Jul 18, 2020

    Nexair — Marketing Organization

  2. Jul 18, 2020

    Nexair — NDA Secondary Org

  3. Oct 18, 2021

    MIDDLESEX GASES TECHNOLOGIES, INC. — Marketing Organization

  4. Oct 18, 2021

    MIDDLESEX GASES TECHNOLOGIES, INC. — NDA Secondary Org

  5. Feb 25, 2022

    CONTINENTAL CARBONIC PRODUCTS, INC. — Marketing Organization

  6. Feb 25, 2022

    CONTINENTAL CARBONIC PRODUCTS, INC. — NDA Secondary Org

  7. Apr 26, 2022

    Linde AG — Marketing Organization

  8. Feb 17, 2024

    HAUN SPECIALTY GASES INC — Marketing Organization

  9. Aug 10, 2024

    Central Welding Supply — Marketing Organization

  10. Nov 9, 2024

    DJB GAS SERVICES, INC — Marketing Organization

  11. Feb 2, 2025

    WELDERS SUPPLY COMPANY OF LOUISVILLE INC — Marketing Organization

  12. Apr 21, 2025

    MITCHELL WEDLING SUPPLY — Marketing Organization

  13. Jun 16, 2025

    GENERAL DISTRIBUTING COMPANY — Marketing Organization

  14. Oct 25, 2025

    Roberts Pharmaceutical — Marketing Organization

Indications

Approved for

Studied for

Mechanism of action

  • oxygenANTAGONIST

    oxygen antagonist

Approval history

  • approvedJul 5, 2013
  • approvedJul 5, 2013

Chemistry & pharmacology

Loading structure…

SMILES

O=C=O
Mol. weight
44.0095 g/mol
Lipinski Ro5
Pass
Rule of 3
Yes
Chirality
Achiral Molecule
Inorganic
No
Polymer
No

Oral

No

Parenteral

No

Topical

No

Sources

Also known as

  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbon dioxide
  • carbonic anhydride
  • carbon oxide
  • dry ice
  • e290
  • e290

Clinical trials

NCT IDPhaseStart dateSponsor(s)
NCT06751888N/AMay 1, 2025University of Calgary
NCT06656988Phase 3Nov 30, 2024University of Leipzig
NCT06338865N/AMay 3, 2024Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
NCT05761756N/AFeb 29, 2024Duke University
NCT05873335N/AFeb 28, 2023Gabi SmartCare, University of California, San Francisco
NCT05536076N/AFeb 1, 2023Department of Veteran Affairs
NCT05292378N/AJul 14, 2022Rutgers University
NCT05153395Early Phase 1 (Phase 1)Dec 31, 2021University of Missouri
NCT05146037N/ASep 1, 2021Imperial College London, University of London
NCT04947982N/AJul 1, 2021Erzincan University
NCT04769739N/AMay 10, 2021National Taiwan University
NCT04406818N/AMar 1, 2021National Institutes of Health (NIH), Washington University in St. Louis
NCT04780724N/AFeb 15, 2021Czech Technical University in Prague
NCT04714021N/AJan 7, 2021Children's Hospital in Ljubljana, European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Sheffield Hallam University, University of Ljubljana
NCT04693806N/ADec 3, 2020Reproductive Medicine Associates of New Jersey
NCT04258774N/AJan 29, 2020Washington University in St. Louis
NCT04541667Phase 3Nov 18, 2019University of Nebraska
NCT04134754N/AOct 31, 2019University of Iowa
NCT04157179N/AAug 29, 2019Washington University in St. Louis
NCT04058132Phase 2Aug 9, 2019Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, United States Army
Showing 20 of 66 trials
Page 1 / 4

Organizations

Research & Development (71)

OrganizationOrg typeTrialsAs lead sponsorPhasesEarliest year
Soleno Therapeutics, Inc.For profit9812007
Imperial College LondonAcademic/Hospital5532008
University of LondonAcademic/Hospital3022010
Washington University in St. LouisAcademic/Hospital3312019
Ajou UniversityAcademic/Hospital2212018
Duke UniversityAcademic/Hospital2222015
National Institutes of Health (NIH)Government2012008
National Taiwan UniversityAcademic/Hospital2212008
Presidio Ospedaliero Santa BarbaraAcademic/Hospital2212013
Rutgers UniversityAcademic/Hospital2212015
United States ArmyGovernment2012012
University of IowaAcademic/Hospital2222017
University of LjubljanaAcademic/Hospital2222015
University of ManitobaAcademic/Hospital2212001
University of PennsylvaniaAcademic/Hospital2022015
Aarhus UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112018
Albert Einstein Israelite HospitalAcademic/Hospital1012012
Allergan PLC (2015)For profit1112015
Baylor UniversityAcademic/Hospital1112015
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)Academic/Hospital1012001
71 organizations
Page 1 / 4

Marketing (24)

OrganizationOrg typeRelationshipDate
A-Ox Welding Supply Co, Inc.For profitNDA2Jun 15, 2019
Airgas Usa LlcFor profitNDA2Jul 20, 2013
Airgas Usa LlcFor profitSYNSep 7, 2013
BOC InternationalFor profitNDA2Jul 5, 2013
BOC InternationalFor profitNDAJul 5, 2013
CONTINENTAL CARBONIC PRODUCTS, INC.For profitMKTGFeb 25, 2022
CONTINENTAL CARBONIC PRODUCTS, INC.For profitNDA2Feb 25, 2022
Central Welding SupplyFor profitMKTGAug 10, 2024
DJB GAS SERVICES, INCFor profitMKTGNov 9, 2024
GENERAL DISTRIBUTING COMPANYFor profitMKTGJun 16, 2025
HAUN SPECIALTY GASES INCFor profitMKTGFeb 17, 2024
Linde AGFor profitNDA2Jul 5, 2013
Linde AGFor profitSYNJul 5, 2013
Linde AGFor profitMKTGApr 26, 2022
Liss America LlcFor profitNDA2Aug 22, 2017
MIDDLESEX GASES TECHNOLOGIES, INC.For profitMKTGOct 18, 2021
MIDDLESEX GASES TECHNOLOGIES, INC.For profitNDA2Oct 18, 2021
MITCHELL WEDLING SUPPLYFor profitMKTGApr 21, 2025
NexairFor profitMKTGJul 18, 2020
NexairFor profitNDA2Jul 18, 2020
PraxairFor profitNDA2Jul 21, 2013
Reliant Holdings LtdFor profitNDA2May 25, 2014
Roberts PharmaceuticalFor profitMKTGOct 25, 2025
WELDERS SUPPLY COMPANY OF LOUISVILLE INCFor profitMKTGFeb 2, 2025