penbutolol

Penbutolol is a new beta-adrenergic blocking drug approved for the treatment of hypertension. It is a noncardioselective beta-blocker and has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Penbutolol is marketed under the trade names Levatol, Levatolol, Lobeta, Paginol, Hostabloc, Betapressin. Penbutolol acts on the β1 adrenergic receptors in both the heart and the kidney. When β1 receptors are activated by catecholamines, they stimulate a coupled G protein that leads to the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The increase in cAMP leads to activation of protein kinase A (PKA), which alters the movement of calcium ions in heart muscle and increases the heart rate. Penbutolol blocks the catecholamine activation of β1 adrenergic receptors and decreases heart rate, which lowers blood pressure. Levatol (Penbutolol) is indicated in the treatment of mild to moderate arterial hypertension. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. — NCATS