fumaric acid esters
Small moleculeexperimental
Fumaric acid or trans-butenedioic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH=CHCO2H. A white solid, fumaric acid occurs widely in nature. It has a fruit-like taste and has been used as a food additive. Its E number is E297. The salts and esters are known as fumarates. Fumarate can also refer to the C4H2O2−4 ion (in solution). Fumaric acid is the trans isomer of butenedioic acid, while maleic acid is the cis isomer. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
39 trials · 47 clinical orgs · 0 marketing orgs
Phase 1
3
Phase 2
12
Phase 3
8
Phase 4
10
Earliest trial started May 1, 2010 (NCT01088165)
Timeline
Indications
Approved for
Studied for
- Anemia · Phase 4
- Anemia, Iron-Deficiency · Phase 4
- Anti-Infective Agents, Local · Phase 2
- Cardiovascular Diseases · Phase 4
- Celiac Disease · Phase 4
- Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder · Phase 4
- Colitis, Ulcerative · Phase 3
- COVID-19 · Phase 2
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 · Phase 4
- General Surgery · Phase 4
- Healthy Volunteers · Phase 1
- Heart Failure, Systolic · Phase 4
- Hemodialysis, Home · Phase 3
- Immune System · Phase 2
- Immunologic Factors · Phase 2
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · Phase 4
- Iron Deficiencies · Phase 4
- Lung Diseases · Phase 2
- Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous · Phase 2
- Palliative Care · Phase 2
- Pregnancy Complications · Phase 4
- Psoriasis · Phase 4
Mechanism of action
- Cell membraneDISRUPTING AGENT
Cell membrane disrupting agent
- IronSupplementation
Iron supplementation
Chemistry & pharmacology
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaFumaric acid ↗
- WikipediaIron(II) fumarate ↗
Also known as
- fumaric acid esters
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07014371 | N/A | Jun 9, 2025 | Government of Thailand |
| NCT06427200 | Phase 4 | Jul 31, 2024 | Cairo University |
| NCT06014983 | N/A | Oct 31, 2023 | University of British Columbia |
| NCT05708170 | Phase 4 | Jan 31, 2023 | Liverpool Hope University, Royal Liverpool & Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Truts |
| NCT05456932 | Phase 4 | Aug 19, 2022 | Leiden University, Maastricht University, Radboud University, University of Groningen |
| NCT05581420 | N/A | Jun 2, 2022 | Adrz, Goes, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Leiden University, Medical Center Haaglanden, Rijnstate Hospital, Sint Franciscus Gasthuis, University of Groningen, Utrecht University |
| NCT05278793 | Phase 4 | Jan 7, 2022 | University of Groningen, University of Munster |
| NCT05114278 | Phase 4 | Nov 15, 2021 | Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Government of France, Institut Cochin |
| NCT05033483 | N/A | Aug 31, 2021 | Flinders University, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute |
| NCT06556134 | Phase 4 | Jul 1, 2021 | Centre Hospitalier Hassan II - Fès |
| NCT04931641 | N/A | Jul 1, 2021 | Stellenbosch University, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| NCT04721964 | N/A | Feb 25, 2021 | Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| NCT04701502 | Phase 2 | Nov 9, 2020 | Catalysis SL |
| NCT04464850 | Phase 3 | Jul 29, 2020 | Chiangmai University |
| NCT04194255 | N/A | Mar 31, 2020 | Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| NCT04130828 | Phase 3 | Jan 31, 2020 | Prince of Songkla University |
| NCT04163406 | N/A | Nov 7, 2019 | Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich |
| NCT05225545 | Phase 3 | Nov 4, 2019 | American University of Beirut, Imerys |
| NCT03996421 | N/A | Sep 30, 2019 | Antistress AG, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology |
| NCT03762148 | N/A | Mar 12, 2019 | Antistress AG, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, University of Zurich |
Showing 20 of 39 trials
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Organizations
Research & Development (47)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Swiss Federal Institute of Technology | Academic/Hospital | 10 | 9 | 1 | 2014 |
| University of Zurich | Academic/Hospital | 4 | 0 | 1 | 2014 |
| Antistress AG | For profit | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| University of Groningen | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2022 |
| Assiut University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2016 |
| Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2019 |
| Leiden University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2022 |
| Nestle | For profit | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2016 |
| Stellenbosch University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| University of Munster | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2011 |
| University of Vienna | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2010 |
| Adrz, Goes | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
| Ain Shams University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2019 |
| American University of Beirut | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2019 |
| Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2021 |
| Cairo University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2024 |
| Catalysis SL | For profit | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2020 |
| Centre Hospitalier Hassan II - Fès | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2021 |
| Chiangmai University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2020 |
| Duke University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2017 |
47 organizations
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