saponin
Small moleculeexperimental
Saponins are bitter-tasting, usually toxic plant-derived secondary metabolites. They are organic chemicals that become foamy when agitated in water and have high molecular weight. They are present in a wide range of plant species throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers but particularly in soapwort, a flowering plant, the soapbark tree, common corn-cockle, baby's breath and soybeans. They are used in soaps, medicines, fire extinguishers, dietary supplements, steroid synthesis, and in carbonated beverages. Saponins are both water and fat soluble, which gives them their useful soap properties. Some examples of these chemicals are glycyrrhizin and quillaia, a bark extract used in beverages. — Wikipedia
Clinical trial activity
18 trials · 17 clinical orgs · 0 marketing orgs
Phase 1
12
Phase 2
6
Phase 3
1
Phase 4
0
Earliest trial started Aug 1, 2008 (NCT00693342)
Timeline
Indications
Studied for
- Art · Phase 1
- Breast Neoplasms · Phase 2
- Campylobacter Infections · Phase 1
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections · Phase 1
- Fallopian Tube Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Hamartoma · Phase 3
- Herpesvirus 4, Human · Phase 1
- HIV · Phase 1
- HIV Infections · Phase 1
- Infectious Mononucleosis · Phase 1
- Influenza, Human · Phase 1
- Influenza Vaccines · Phase 1
- Lung Neoplasms · Phase 1
- Neuroblastoma · Phase 2
- Ovarian Neoplasms · Phase 3
- Sarcoma · Phase 2
- Vaccines · Phase 1
Mechanism of action
- Unspecified targetUnclear
unclear
Chemistry & pharmacology
Loading structure…
SMILES
CC1(C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2OC[C@H](O[C@@H]3OC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]2O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3CCC45OCC6(CC[C@@](C)(C=O)C[C@@H]64)[C@H](O)C[C@@]5(C)[C@]3(C)CC[C@@H]12- Mol. weight
- 1223.36 g/mol
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaSaponin ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL4748825 ↗
Also known as
- n-propionylated polysialic acid plus opt-821 adjuvant
- opt-821
- opt-822/opt-821
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07111078 | Phase 1 | Aug 27, 2025 | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| NCT06908096 | Phase 1 | May 29, 2025 | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| NCT06863142 | Phase 1 | Apr 28, 2025 | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| NCT06484335 | Phase 1 | Feb 1, 2025 | Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, United States Army |
| NCT06205056 | Phase 1 | Jan 31, 2024 | Duke University, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Makerere University, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), United States Army |
| NCT06057948 | Phase 2 | Sep 21, 2023 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center |
| NCT05769569 | Phase 1 | Sep 1, 2023 | Chulalongkorn University, Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, United States Army |
| NCT05500417 | Phase 1 | Aug 22, 2022 | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
| NCT04658667 | Phase 1 | Aug 31, 2021 | Government of Thailand, Mahidol University, United States Army |
| NCT04936529 | Phase 2 | Aug 2, 2021 | Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center |
| NCT04268420 | Phase 1 | Apr 30, 2020 | United States Army |
| NCT04296279 | Phase 1 | Mar 20, 2020 | United States Army |
| NCT01516307 | Phase 2 | Dec 1, 2011 | OBI Pharma, Inc |
| NCT01349647 | Phase 1 | May 1, 2011 | Cornell University, National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
| NCT01223235 | N/A | Oct 1, 2010 | Cornell University, Genentech |
| NCT01141491 | Phase 2 | Jun 1, 2010 | Cornell University, MabVax Therapeutics, Inc. |
| NCT00911560 | Phase 1/Phase 2 (Phase 2) | May 1, 2009 | Cornell University |
| NCT00693342 | Phase 3 | Aug 1, 2008 | Cornell University, Gynecologic Oncology Group, National Cancer Institute (NCI), Stanford University |
Showing 18 of 18 trials
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Organizations
Research & Development (17)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States Army | Government | 6 | 4 | 1 | 2020 |
| Cornell University | Academic/Hospital | 5 | 3 | 4 | 2008 |
| National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) | Government | 5 | 4 | 1 | 2022 |
| Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine | Academic/Hospital | 3 | 2 | 1 | 2023 |
| Janssen Pharmaceutica NV | For profit | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2023 |
| Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2021 |
| National Cancer Institute (NCI) | Government | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2008 |
| Chulalongkorn University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2023 |
| Duke University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2024 |
| Genentech | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2010 |
| Government of Thailand | Government | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2021 |
| Gynecologic Oncology Group | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2008 |
| MabVax Therapeutics, Inc. | For profit | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2010 |
| Mahidol University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2021 |
| Makerere University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2024 |
| OBI Pharma, Inc | For profit | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2011 |
| Stanford University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2008 |
17 organizations
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