apraclonidine
Trade name: iopidine
Approved
Dec 31, 1987
Apraclonidine (IOPIDINE) is an α2-adrenergic receptor agonist and a weak α1-adrenergic receptor agonist. It is used for the prevention and treatment of postsurgical intraocular pressure elevation. The following adverse events, occurring in less than 2% of patients, were reported in association with the use of IOPIDINE Ophthalmic Solution in laser surgery: ocular injection, upper lid elevation, irregular heart rate, nasal decongestion, ocular inflammation, conjunctival blanching, and mydriasis. Interactions with other agents have not been investigated. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
5 trials · 4 clinical orgs · 4 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Aug 1, 2006 (NCT00567411)
Timeline
1980s
- Dec 31, 1987
Novartis — Earliest FDA Approval
- Dec 31, 1987
Novartis — NDA Organization
- Dec 31, 1987
Novartis — NDA Secondary Org
- Dec 31, 1987
Novartis — Marketing Organization
- Dec 31, 1987
Harrow Health — Marketing Organization
- Dec 31, 1987
Harrow Health — NDA Secondary Org
2000s
- Mar 12, 2009
Akorn, Inc. — Marketing Organization
- Mar 12, 2009
Rising Pharmaceuticals — Marketing Organization
Indications
Approved for
Mechanism of action
Approval history
- approvedDec 31, 1987
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
Nc1cc(Cl)c(N=C2NCCN2)c(Cl)c1- Mol. weight
- 245.11 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- No
- Chirality
- Achiral Molecule
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Delivery
- Topical
- Availability
- Prescription Only
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
Yes
Sources
- ChEMBLCHEMBL647 ↗
- WikipediaApraclonidine ↗
- NCATS843CEN85DI ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL1200379 ↗
Also known as
- 2-(4-amino-2,6-dichloro)phenyliminoimidazolidine
- 4-aminoclonidine
- 4-aminoclonidine
- 4-aminoclonidine
- al-02145
- al-02145
- alo 2145
- alo-2145
- aminoclonidine monohydrochloride
- aplonidine
- aplonidine hcl
- aplonidine hcl
- apraclonidina
- apraclonidina
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine
- apraclonidine hcl
- apraclonidine hcl
- apraclonidine hcl
- apraclonidine hydrochloride
- apraclonidine hydrochloride
- apraclonidine hydrochloride
- apraclonidine hydrochloride
- apraclonidine hydrochloride
- apraclonidinum
- apraclonidinum
- iopidine
- iopidine
- iopidine
- iopidine
- iopidine 1%
- iopimax
- lopidine
- p-aminoclonidine
- para-aminoclonidine
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06538662 | Phase 3 | Oct 7, 2024 | Alcon |
| NCT06444529 | Phase 3 | Aug 21, 2024 | Alcon |
| NCT05167760 | Phase 4 | Feb 28, 2023 | University of Alabama, Birmingham |
| NCT05045248 | Phase 2 | Jun 1, 2020 | American University of Beirut |
| NCT00567411 | N/A | Aug 1, 2006 | United States Army |
Organizations
Research & Development (4)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcon | For profit | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2024 |
| American University of Beirut | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2020 |
| United States Army | Government | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2006 |
| University of Alabama, Birmingham | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2023 |
Marketing (8)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Akorn, Inc. | For profit | MKTG | Mar 12, 2009 |
| Akorn, Inc. | For profit | SYN | Mar 12, 2009 |
| Harrow Health | For profit | MKTG | Dec 31, 1987 |
| Harrow Health | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 31, 1987 |
| Novartis | For profit | NDA | Dec 31, 1987 |
| Novartis | For profit | NDA2 | Dec 31, 1987 |
| Novartis | For profit | MKTG | Dec 31, 1987 |
| Rising Pharmaceuticals | For profit | MKTG | Mar 12, 2009 |