spinosad
Trade name: natroba
Approved
Jan 18, 2011
Spinosad is a natural mixture of pediculicidal tetracyclic macrolides—spinosyn A and spinosyn D in the ratio of 5:1. It is derived from species of actinomycetes bacteria - Saccharopolyspora spinosa and is a bacterial waste product produced by fermentation on a nutrient food source. It has since long been used as a pesticide and classified by the US Environment Protection Agency as a reduced risk pesticide product. Spinosad has a high level of efficacy for lepidopteran larvae, as well as some Diptera, Coleoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hymenoptera, but has limited to no activity to other insects and exhibits low toxicity to mammals and other wildlife. Spinosad overstimulates nerve cells by prolonging electrical impulse across synapses by acting like acetylcholine. After periods of hyperexcitation, lice become paralyzed and die. Recently, FDA has approved the topical suspension of spinosad 0.9% for treatment of head lice infestation in patients four years of age and older. It is both pediculicidal and ovicidal. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
12 trials · 8 clinical orgs · 1 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Sep 1, 2005 (NCT00858481)
Timeline
Indications
Approved for
Mechanism of action
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
- Acetylcholine receptor protein alpha 1, 2, 3, 4 invertebrate, putative (8238275) ↗
- Acetylcholine receptor protein alpha 1, 2, 3, 4 invertebrate, putative (8238272) ↗
- Acetylcholine receptor protein subunit alpha-L1, putative (8238273) ↗
- Acetylcholine receptor protein alpha 1, 2, 3, 4 invertebrate, putative (8232849) ↗
- Acetylcholine receptor protein alpha 1, 2, 3, 4 invertebrate, putative (8232852) ↗
- DrosGluCl, putative (8232002) ↗
Approval history
- approvedJan 18, 2011
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
CC[C@H]1CCC[C@H](O[C@H]2CC[C@H](N(C)C)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)C(=O)C2=C[C@@H]3[C@@H](C=C(C)[C@@H]4C[C@@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]5OC)C[C@@H]34)[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1.CC[C@H]1CCC[C@H](O[C@H]2CC[C@H](N(C)C)[C@@H](C)O2)[C@@H](C)C(=O)C2=C[C@@H]3[C@@H](C=C[C@@H]4C[C@@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@@H](C)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H]5OC)C[C@@H]34)[C@@H]2CC(=O)O1- Mol. weight
- 1477.96 g/mol
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
- Availability
- Prescription Only
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaSpinosad ↗
- NCATSXPA88EAP6V ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL4297065 ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL2040681 ↗
Also known as
- 1h-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione, 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[2r,5s,6r)-5-(dimethylamino) tetrahydro-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-4,14-dimetyl-,(2s,3asr,5as,5bs,9s,13s,14r,16as,16bs)-
- 1h-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,15-dione, 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[2r,5s,6r)-5-(dimethylamino) tetrahydro-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-4,14-dimetyl-,(2s,3asr,5as,5bs,9s,13s,14r,16as,16bs)-
- 1h-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,a5-dione, 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[2r,5s,6r)-5-(dimethylamino) tetrahydro-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-14-metyl-, (2r,3as,5ar,5bs,9s,13s,14r,16as,16br)-
- 1h-as-indaceno[3,2-d]oxacyclododecin-7,a5-dione, 2-[(6-deoxy-2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-mannopyranosyl)oxy]-13-[[2r,5s,6r)-5-(dimethylamino) tetrahydro-6-methyl-2h-pyran-2-yl]oxy]-9-ethyl-2,3,3a,5a,5b,6,9,10,11,12,13,14,16a,16b-tetradecahydro-14-metyl-, (2r,3as,5ar,5bs,9s,13s,14r,16as,16br)-
- ly-232105
- naf-144
- naf-144
- natroba
- natroba
- natroba
- natroba
- pp-105
- pp-105
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- spinosad
- xde-105
- xde-105
- xde-105
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05310734 | Phase 4 | Mar 4, 2022 | Cipher Pharmaceuticals Inc., Concentrics Research, IQVIA, Medpace, Inc., ParaPro |
| NCT02485704 | Phase 3 | May 10, 2017 | Concentrics Research, ParaPro |
| NCT02485717 | Phase 3 | May 2, 2017 | Concentrics Research, ParaPro |
| NCT01660321 | Phase 4 | Sep 1, 2011 | Burke Pharmaceutical Research, Lice Solutions Resource Network, Inc., ParaPro |
| NCT00605956 | Phase 1 | Jan 1, 2008 | Hill Top Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00591331 | Phase 1 | Dec 1, 2007 | Hill Top Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00545753 | Phase 3 | Sep 1, 2007 | Concentrics Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00545168 | Phase 3 | Sep 1, 2007 | Concentrics Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00857935 | Phase 2 | Mar 1, 2007 | Concentrics Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00410709 | Phase 1 | Dec 1, 2006 | Hill Top Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00311779 | Phase 2 | Mar 1, 2006 | Hill Top Research, ParaPro |
| NCT00858481 | Phase 2 | Sep 1, 2005 | Hill Top Research, ParaPro |
Organizations
Research & Development (8)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ParaPro | For profit | 12 | 12 | 4 | 2005 |
| Concentrics Research | For profit | 6 | 0 | 3 | 2007 |
| Hill Top Research | For profit | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2005 |
| Burke Pharmaceutical Research | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2011 |
| Cipher Pharmaceuticals Inc. | For profit | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2022 |
| IQVIA | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
| Lice Solutions Resource Network, Inc. | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2011 |
| Medpace, Inc. | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2022 |
Marketing (1)
| Organization | Org type | Relationship | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ParaPro | For profit | NDA | Jan 18, 2011 |