phenylalanine
Phenylalanine is a biologically essential amino acid that acts as a precursor to tyrosine and the catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and tyramine), and is a constituent of many central nervous system neuropeptides. Normal dietary levels of phenylalanine are approximately 1-2 grams daily. Phenylalanine appears in two forms which are identical mirror images of each other: L-phenylalanine, a nutritional supplement, and D-phenylalanine, an effective painkiller and antidepressant due to its ability to inhibit the breakdown of enkephalins, the brain’s natural pain killers. — NCATS
Clinical trial activity
12 trials · 17 clinical orgs · 0 marketing orgs
Earliest trial started Oct 1, 2009 (NCT02305069)
Timeline
Indications
Approved for
Mechanism of action
- PhenylalanineSupplementation
phenylalanine
Chemistry & pharmacology
SMILES
N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O- Mol. weight
- 165.1891 g/mol
- Lipinski Ro5
- Pass
- Rule of 3
- No
- Chirality
- Single Stereoisomer
- Inorganic
- No
- Polymer
- No
Oral
No
Parenteral
No
Topical
No
Sources
- WikipediaPhenylalanine ↗
- NCATS47E5O17Y3R ↗
- ChEMBLCHEMBL301523 ↗
Also known as
- 3-phenyl-l-alanine
- 3-phenyl-l-alanine
- beta-phenyl-l-alanine
- beta-phenyl-l-alanine
- f
- f
- l-phenylalanine
- l-phenylalanine
- l-phenylalanine
- l-phenylalanine
- l-phenylalanine
- phe
- phe
- phenylalanine
- phenylalanine
- phenylalanine
- phenylalanine
- phenylalanine
- phenylalanine
- (s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid
- (s)-2-amino-3-phenylpropionic acid
- (s)-alpha-amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid
- (s)-alpha-amino-beta-phenylpropionic acid
- β-phenyl-l-alanine
- β-phenyl-l-alanine
Clinical trials
| NCT ID | Phase | Start date | Sponsor(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07258576 | N/A | Jul 20, 2025 | University of Toronto |
| NCT06119048 | N/A | Dec 31, 2023 | Laval University, McMaster University, University of Guelph |
| NCT05958784 | N/A | Jul 1, 2023 | McMaster University, University of Guelph |
| NCT04679467 | N/A | Jan 15, 2020 | Vitaflo |
| NCT04144907 | N/A | Jan 1, 2020 | University of Alberta |
| NCT03788343 | Phase 4 | Jul 31, 2019 | University of Bern, University of Zurich |
| NCT03771391 | N/A | Dec 6, 2018 | Johannes Gutenburg University, University of Tuebingen, Vitaflo |
| NCT03419819 | N/A | May 1, 2018 | Oregon Health and Science University, Vitaflo |
| NCT02971059 | Phase 1 | Aug 1, 2016 | University of Toronto |
| NCT02669381 | N/A | Jan 1, 2016 | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), University of British Columbia |
| NCT01376908 | Phase 3 | Jun 1, 2011 | Biomarin, Merck Serono |
| NCT02305069 | N/A | Oct 1, 2009 | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, University of Nottingham |
Organizations
Research & Development (17)
| Organization | Org type | Trials | As lead sponsor | Phases | Earliest year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitaflo | For profit | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2018 |
| McMaster University | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 0 | 1 | 2023 |
| University of Guelph | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2023 |
| University of Toronto | Academic/Hospital | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2016 |
| Biomarin | For profit | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2011 |
| Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2009 |
| Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2016 |
| Johannes Gutenburg University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| Laval University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2023 |
| Merck Serono | For profit | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2011 |
| Oregon Health and Science University | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| University of Alberta | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2020 |
| University of Bern | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2019 |
| University of British Columbia | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2016 |
| University of Nottingham | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2009 |
| University of Tuebingen | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2018 |
| University of Zurich | Academic/Hospital | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2019 |